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D.3 Allergy > L.9 Diagnosis and Management of Drug Allergy > Flashcards

L.9 Diagnosis and Management of Drug Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse drug reaction

A

efek yang tidak diinginkan pad dosis prevensi, diagnosis, dan terapi

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2
Q

ADR paling banyak ditemukan di organ

A

Kulit

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3
Q

ADR terbanyak kedua gejalanya bersifat

A

Sistemik (nyeri labung, nyeri dada, etc)

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4
Q

ADR pada kulit juga disebut

A

Drug eruption

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5
Q

Obat paling banyak menyebabkan ADR di RS

A

NSAID

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6
Q

ADR Reaksi tipe A bersifat

A

Sering terjadi, dapat diprediksi

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7
Q

Contoh reaksi ADR tipe A. CTM?

A

Anti alergi, ADR mengantuk

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8
Q

ADR tipe A contoh. Aspirin

A

Nyeri lambung

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9
Q

ADR reaksi tipe A disebabkan oleh

A

Kerja farmakologis obat

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10
Q

Persentasi Adr tipe A

A

75-80%

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11
Q

ADR reaksi tipe B sifatnya

A

Tidak dapat diprediksi. Sedikit jumlahnya (20%)

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12
Q

ADR tipe B disebabkan oleh

A

Respon tubuh terhadap obat

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13
Q

Efek dosis terhadap ADR reaksi tipe A

A

Dose-dependent

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14
Q

Efek sosi terhadap ADR tipe B

A

dose independent. pada dosis sangat kecil pun dapat muncul

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15
Q

Reaksi tipe B ada mekanisme

A

Hipersensitivitas obat

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16
Q

drug allergy termasuk tipe ADR reaksi tipe

A

B

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17
Q

Drug hipersensitivity dibagi jadi 2 yaitu

A

Drug allergy dan non allergic hipersensitivity

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18
Q

Drug allergy dibagi jadi

A

IgE mediated dan. non IgE mediated

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19
Q

Non allergic hypersensitivity juga dikenal sebagai

A

Pseudoallergy

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20
Q

Pseudoalergy/ non allergic hypersensitivity disebabkan oleh

A

Non specific histamine release,
arachidonic pathway activation,
bradykinin pathway activation,
complement activation

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21
Q

Alergi obat dimediasi IgE dan tidak dimediasi IgE bedanya

A

Dimediasi IgE ; kerja cepat. beberapa menit kemudian muncul
Tidak dimediasi IgE ; kerja lambat. Misal 2 minggu kemudian baru muncul

22
Q

contoh psudoalergi sering ditemui pada kontak terhadap

A

kontras radiologi

23
Q

Penyebab drug eruotion terbanyak

A

Antibiotik : penicillin, sulfonamide, cephalosporin, tertracycline

24
Q

Penyebab drug allergy terbanyak kedua

A

NSAID: aspirin, asmef, paracetamol

25
Q

Penyebab drug eruption terbanyak ketiga

A

Steroid; obat anti alergi dgn efek samping

26
Q

Penyebab drug eruption antikonvulsan

A

fenitoin, carbamazepin

27
Q

Penyebab drueruption obat HIV

A

Antiretroviral

28
Q

Penyebab drug eruption analgetik

A

Paracetamol

29
Q

Penyebab drug eruption antituberkulosis

A

OAT

30
Q

Klasifikasi alergi obat ada 2 dari mekanisme dan onset. untuk mekanisme imunologi

A

tipe I - IV Gell & Coombs

31
Q

OKlasifikasi alergi obat berdasarkan onset

A

Immediate : gejala muncul <1 jam setelah administrasi
Delayed : muncul > 1 jam (biasanya 6 jam)

32
Q

Immediiate drug alergi diperantarai … sedangkan non immediate diperantarai …

A

IgE, T-Cell

33
Q

Gejala yang timbul pada immediate drug allergy

A

Urticaria, angioedema, rhinitis, bronchospasm, shock anafilaksis

34
Q

Gejala yang timbul pada non immediate drug allergy

A

Maculopapular eruption, bullous exanthem, SIS/TEN, DRESS, AGEP

35
Q

Gambaran klinis alergi obat ada yang berupa manifestasi kulit dan manifestasi sistemik. Manifestasi kulit dibagi jadi

A

Mild dan severe

36
Q

Manifestasi kulit mild antara lain

A

Makulopapular
Urtikaria
Fixed drug eruption
Contact allergy
Photodermatitis

37
Q

Manifestasi kulit severe antara lain

A

Steven johnson syndrome, TEN, AGEP, DHS/DRESS

38
Q

Erupsi makulopapuler/morbiliformis penyembuhan?

A

Spontan, terutama setelah obat dihentikan

39
Q

Pola penyebaran erupsimakulopapuler

A

Sentrifugal (badan ke ekstremitas). lesi bisa bergabung

40
Q

erupsi makulopapuler demam?

A

ya, tapi tidiak tinggi. disertai pruritus

41
Q

penyebab umum erupsi makulopapuler

A

allopurinol, aminopenicillin, cephalosporin, antiepilepsi, sulfonamide

42
Q

diagnosis banding erupsi makulopapuler

A

infeksi virus

43
Q

Urticaria/ Angioedema adala

A

Urti : lesi menonjol, tengah pucat, batas tak tegas, ada lesi pseudopodia
Angioedema : bengkak terlokalisir di satu tempat, biasa di loose tissue (kelopak mata, bibir, genital, glottis)

44
Q

Angioedema dimediasi oleh

A

IgE

45
Q

Urtikaria merupakan alergi obat berdasarkan onsel?

A

immediate, muncul menit-jam, hilang juga cepat

46
Q

Urtikaria disertai angioedema ditemui pada … % kasus

A

50

47
Q

Fised drug eruption adalah

A

Erupsi yang timbul berulang di tempat yang sama setelah konsumsi obat. Lokasi dapat bertambah semakin sering paparan obat

48
Q

Tampakan fixed drug eruption

A

plak berbertuk bulat/ oval, eritema, bullous, batas tegas

49
Q

Kapan fixed drug eruption timbul

A

30 menit-8 jam
delayed

50
Q

Dimana fixe drug eruption sering muncul

A

Perioral
Periorbital
Geniital
Membran mukosa oral
(sering di membran mukosa)

51
Q

Fixed drug eruption munculnya gimana?

A

awalnay berupa plak/patch eritem -> bula-> bula kena gesekan -> bula pecah, keliatan erosi

52
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome

A

D.3 Allergy (1 decks)

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