L9 (week 10): How do we learn and remember? Flashcards
What is memory?
E,S and R
The process of encoding, storage and retrieval.
What is ‘learning’ in regards to biology?
info is BLANK then it is BLANK in an organisms behaviour
A process in which information is absorbed and is observable in an organism’s behaviour.
What is the neurological bases of learning and memory?
Changes in M, C and BBA.
Changes in molecular, cellular and broader brain areas.
In patient K.F studied by Shallice & Warrington in 1969, where was the lesion caused by a motorcycle accident?
right or left? P-O
Left parieto-occipital.
In patient K.F studied by Shallice & Warrington in 1969, what were the patients symptoms?
LTM? STM? Which stimuli was patient better with?
long term memory remaind in tact, short term memory was affected but was better when it came to visual stimuli as opposed to auditory stimuli.
What model did further findings of Shallice & Warrington (1972 & 1974) support and what model did they challenge?
Challenged MM by A&S, supported WMM by B&H
Challenged the Modal model (Atkinson & Siffrin).
Supported the working memory model (Baddeley & Hitch).
In the study of patient H.M by Scoville & Milner (1957), what part of the patients brain was removed and why?
B H to treat E
Bilateral Hippocampus to treat epilepsy.
What were the patient’s symptoms in the H.M case study by Scoville & Milner (1957)?
Anterograde amnesia (They couldn’t form any new memories).
What did the ‘Morris water maze’ study by Morris et al (1982) seek to test?
Whether a hippocampal lesion would affect the spatial learning/memory of rats.
How did the ‘Morris water maze’ study by Morris et al (1982) test the rats spatial learning?
how many trials? what happened in test?
18 trials were run for the controlled and hippocampal lesion groups, a submerged platform is placed in a pool of water, the test is to see if the rat has a lower mental delay as the trials go on by seeing how long it takes for the rat to swim to the platform to save itself and by comparing the route it took.
In the London taxi driver study by Maguire et al (1997) what did they find regarding the hippocampus?
the volume of what increased? in which area of the hippocampus? What correlated with this increase?
The gray matter volume of the posterior hippocampus significantly increased the more time the subjects had spent as a taxi driver.
What is Korsakoff syndrome?
a BLANK deficiency, related to BLANK use, Damages the T and the H, results in severe A and R Amnesia.
A thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that is commonly related to alcohol use. Damages the thalamus and hypothalamus. Results in severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
What did the mirror tracing task show in regards to patient H.M and his memory?
What did they improve on? what did it show was not impaired (declaritive or non-declaritive)? what does this support?
That even though H.M could not create new memories, they improved in a motor skill learning task over a period of days which showed that their non-declaritive LTM was not impaired supporting that delcaritive and non-declaritive memory are stored seperately.
which 6 parts of the brain are associated with Declarative memory?
N, T, BF, PC, RC + H
Neocortex, thalamus, basal forebrain, prefrontal cortex, rhinal cortex and hippocampus.
which 6 parts of the brain are associated with nondeclarative memory?
PC, T, BG, A, SN + C
Premotor cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, substantia nigra, cerebellum.
