LA#5 - Stanhope chap 3 and 16 Flashcards
(40 cards)
When does the mitigation phase of disaster management begin?a.Before the disaster occursb.During the disasterc.Immediately following the disasterd.During the recovery period
ADisaster management includes four stages: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The first stage, mitigation, takes place before a hazardous event occurs.
In the event of a disaster localized to one district, nursing response would most likely be directed by which following group?a.Canadian Red Crossb.Centres for Disease Control and Preventionc.Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR)d.Paramedics
CThe CEPR (under the umbrella of the Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC]) is responsible for coordinating services required to handle all health risk and security threats in Canada. It provides a comprehensive program to train and certify Health Emergency Response Teams to respond to emergency situations in Canadian communities. Although paramedics play an important role in disaster management, a known director, such as the CEPR, must coordinate the response.
After surviving a house fire, a 5-year-old begins sucking his thumb and wetting his bed. What would be the best intervention by the community health nurse (CHN)?a.Explain to the child that it is important to be strong and not act like a baby.b.Reassure the family that this behaviour is a normal reaction to a traumatic experience.c.Recommend admission into a hospital for psychological counselling.d.Recommend behaviour therapy to treat regression.
BThe effects of a traumatic experience can be especially severe on young children, who may resort to regressive behaviours such as sucking the thumb, wetting the bed, crying, and clinging to caregivers as a coping mechanism. This regressive behaviour is a normal response to trauma.
On the second day after a disaster, a disaster relief worker is found to be irritable and having difficulty focusing. He denies having any problem other than a headache. Which of the following actions is the best one for the CHN to take?a.Dismiss the problem of inability to focus as probably being the result of worry, so that the worker can concentrate on the work at hand and deal with his emotions later.b.Explain to the relief worker that he is experiencing signs and symptoms of psychological stress and recommend that he take some time off from work to relax.c.Explain to the worker that his problem arises from multitasking and advise him to focus on one task at a time.d.Suspect dehydration and encourage the worker to drink more fluids.
BEarly symptoms of stress and burnout include minor tremors, nausea, inability to concentrate, difficulty thinking, and problems with memory. Suppressing feelings of guilt, powerlessness, anger, and other signs of stress eventually will lead to more serious symptoms, such as irritability, fatigue, headaches, and distortions of bodily functions. It is normal to experience stress, but it must be treated. The worst thing anyone can do when experiencing stress is to deny that it exists.
Which level of prevention is the CHN implementing when participating in the development of a community-wide disaster management plan?a.Primary preventionb.Secondary preventionc.Tertiary preventiond.All prevention levels
ADeveloping a disaster management plan for the community constitutes primary prevention, which takes place before a disaster occurs.
What is the purpose of disaster planning?a.Decreasing global instabilityb.Disrupting and altering community functioningc.Managing response to disastersd.Preventing disasters
CAlthough natural disasters cannot be prevented, much can be done to prevent more accidents, deaths, and destruction following a disaster. A concise, realistic, and well-rehearsed disaster plan is essential for managing the response to disasters.
What is the ultimate contribution of the disaster preparedness plan?a.It reduces injuries.b.It enhances collaboration among the community partners.c.It reduces stress and panic behaviours.d.It reduces involvement.
ADisaster preparedness plans contribute to safer communities, reduce loss of life, and can reduce the number of injuries.
In which of the following scenarios has an influenza pandemic occurred?a.There is a lack of pandemic vaccine production.b.A new strain of influenza appears.c.Cases of H1N1 outnumber those of influenza A.d.More than 75% of the population is affected.
CAn influenza pandemic occurs when a change in the influenza A virus takes place, causing the development of a new strain to which people have little or no immunity. As a result, a worldwide outbreak of influenza, called an influenza pandemic, can occur.
Which of the following best describes the concept of public health?a.A population health approach designed to prevent disease, promote health, and protect populationsb.Health care provision offered in primary and secondary institutions or in clients’ homesc.Provision of health care services in institutions located in the community but outside the hospitald.Use of the nursing process and evidence-informed practice to meet the objectives for community health improvement
AIn Canada, public health takes a population health approach to protecting and promoting health and preventing disease for all Canadians. Public health nurses (PHNs) work with many partners, both within the public health unit or health authority (e.g., nutritionists, epidemiologists, dental hygienists, health inspectors) and external to the health unit (e.g., community coalitions for heart health, cancer screening, diabetes, and obesity prevention; school and hospital administrators; regional planners; social service and child-care workers; lobbyists for health issues such as antismoking legislation and homelessness).
The increasing complexity of societal needs and rapid changes in public health no longer allow adequate time for on-the-job training and education. As a result, which of the following is the current minimum level of educational preparation for a military nurse?a.Training as a registered practical nurseb.Training as a registered nursec.A baccalaureate degree in nursingd.A master of science degree in nursing
CEducational preparation for military nurses should be at least a baccalaureate degree.
Which of the following is a core competency required of PHNs?a.Advanced knowledge in the use of high-technology diagnosticsb.Familiarity with current life-support technologyc.Highly tuned skills for assessment of critically ill clientsd.Skill in developing policy and planning programs to improve health
DSkill in developing policy and planning programs to improve health is part of the set of core public health competencies, which are divided into the following eight domains: 1) Public Health and Nursing Sciences; 2) Assessment and Analysis; 3) Policy and Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation; 4) Partnerships, Collaboration, and Advocacy; 5) Diversity and Inclusiveness; 6) Communication; 7) Leadership and Professional Responsibility; and 8) Accountability. The other competencies listed are better suited to nurses who work in tertiary facilities, such as hospitals.
A public health administrator is in the process of hiring a new PHN. Which of the following statements by a potential employee would raise the greatest concern for the employer?a.“I like to be the only person working on a project because individual team members have their own ideas and plans, and the resulting debate slows progress.”b.“I prefer to work in teams because no single person has too much responsibility and the burden is shared.”c.“Teamwork is better than work done by individuals because teamwork incorporates different perspectives.”d.“Whether teamwork is better than work done by individuals depends on the nature of the work being performed.”
AWorking in collaborative partnerships is an essential role of public health nursing. Partnerships and collaboration among groups are much more powerful in making changes than are the individual client and the PHN working separately. Part of the reason for this is that multiple perspectives are examined in the process of arriving at the best solution.
Which one of the following is a primary prevention activity for decreasing the incidence of communicable diseases?a.Identifying and treating clients in a clinic for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)b.Partnering with school teachers to teach handwashing to elementary school children and observe their techniquesc.Providing case management services that link clients with communicable diseases to health care and community support servicesd.Providing directly observed therapy (DOT) to clients with active tuberculosis (TB)
BAn example of primary prevention is to educate daycare centres, schools, and the general community about the importance of hand hygiene to prevent transmission of communicable diseases.
A PHN is participating in which activity when tracing the sexual contacts of clients with STIs for screening purposes?a.Primary preventionb.Secondary preventionc.Tertiary preventiond.Secondary and tertiary prevention
APrimary prevention activities include contacting and tracing individuals exposed to a client with an active case of TB or an STI. Once contact has been made, the actual screening is a secondary prevention activity.
Through which one of the following actions can the community health nurse (CHN) provide tertiary prevention?a.Disseminating information about mental health to community organizationsb.Partnering with PHNs for early identification of children with mental health challengesc.Providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support servicesd.Screening clients at high risk for mental disorders
CAn example of tertiary prevention is the provision of case management services that link clients identified with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services.
Which of the following represents the primary difference between parish nursing and all other fields of nursing?a.Affiliation with a church or congregationb.Incorporation of spiritual aspects into nursing carec.Provision of holistic nursing cared.Residence within the community of service
AParish nurses are found in faith congregations, including communities that serve diverse cultures. Parish nurses also serve faith communities in other countries.
To help congregation members better meet their nutritional needs, a parish nurse encourages them to participate in activities that focus on fellowship, as well as serving healthy meals to both attending and homebound church members. What do programs such as this exemplify?a.Entitlement programsb.Health ministriesc.Partnershipsd.Pastoral care practices
BHealth ministries comprise those activities and programs in faith communities that are organized around health and healing to promote whole health across the lifespan. Health ministries’ services may be specifically planned or informal and may include visiting the homebound, providing meals for families in crisis or for those returning home after hospitalization, organizing prayer circles, volunteering in community HIV/AIDS care groups, serving “heart healthy” church suppers, and holding regular grief support groups.
As part of primary prevention, a parish nurse wants to encourage some elementary school students to increase their vigorous exercise. Which action by the parish nurse will help these students attain an improved health status?a.Encouraging families to ensure that the students receive healthy diets and plenty of restb.Fostering relationships among families with children of similar ages so that they can work together toward goal attainmentc.Partnering with a youth pastor to establish sports activities that will include those individuals with special needsd.Working with faith-based school teachers to include in the curriculum teaching about healthy diet and food selection
CParish nursing’s goal is to develop and sustain health ministries within faith communities. Some of the usual functions of parish nurses include providing personal health counselling and health education, acting as a liaison between the faith community and the local community, facilitating activities, and providing pastoral care.
Which statement by a parish nurse exhibits a misunderstanding of the concept of pastoral care?a.“By working with my clients to help them identify their spiritual strengths, I am drawing on the pastoral care aspects of practice.”b.“I incorporate pastoral care in my practice when I involve the pastor in ministering to the members of the congregation.”c.“I am practising pastoral care when I emphasize the spiritual dimension of nursing while providing care.”d.“Lending support to clients during their times of joy as well as times of sorrow is part of providing pastoral care.”
BPastoral care by a parish nurse implies providing care by stressing the spiritual dimension of nursing, lending support during times of joy and sorrow, guiding the person through health and illness throughout life, and helping identify the spiritual strengths that assist in coping with particular events. The parish nurse is able to provide pastoral care; she or he does not have to involve the pastor.
Through which one of the following interventions can the parish nurse implement primary prevention of obesity in school-aged church members?a.Establishing a walking program that is sufficiently challenging, yet not too strenuous, for those who are obeseb.Partnering with youth camp cooks to ensure that a nutritious diet is providedc.Supervising height and weight measurements taken by clinic assistantsd.Working with parents of obese children to implement lifestyle changes in the family
BAn example of primary prevention is encouraging the provision of healthy snacks and meals to children and adults at all events inside and outside of school.
What is the basic difference between home health care and other types of health care?a.Home health care is individualized care for the client and family.b.Home health care is provided in the client’s environment.c.Reimbursement for home health care is different from that of care provided in institutions.d.Home health care focuses on community health.
BHome health care differs from other types of health care in that home health care providers practice in the client’s environment.
A CHN has just received word that the provincial health care plan will provide compensation for the care that she provided to a homeless man with schizophrenia, who was unwilling to come to the clinic to receive health care. How can this type of nursing service be best classified?a.Community-oriented nursingb.Home health nursingc.Hospice nursingd.Private duty nursing
BHome health nursing is provided in the client’s environment, wherever that may be. “Home” may be a house, apartment, trailer, boarding and care home, shelter, car, makeshift shelter under a bridge, or cardboard box.
Which of the following is the best way a home health nurse (HHN) can help a client who has right-sided paresis secondary to a stroke?a.Arranging for private duty nurses to assist the client with daily needsb.Assisting the client with activities of daily living (ADLs)c.Teaching self-care to the clientd.Teaching the family to assist the client with ADLs
CBecause home health care is often intermittent, a primary objective for the HHN is to facilitate self-care. This allows clients to have some control over their lives and activities and can help prevent hopelessness and a loss of self-esteem. Although assistance may be provided occasionally, this comes after helping clients help themselves.
An HHN in training states, “I don’t understand why we have to collaborate with so many other disciplines. Doesn’t this conflict with the concept of holistic nursing practice?” Which of the following statements would be the best response by an experienced colleague?a.“The nurse still functions holistically; however, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary to prevent fragmentation of care.”b.“Holistic nursing is a concept applied to care in tertiary facilities such as hospitals, where materials are centrally located in one facility. In home health, this is not possible.”c.“Even though home health nursing is not as holistic as other areas of community health nursing, each discipline contributes to client needs from its special knowledge base.”d.“Yes, it does create conflict, but we as nurses are mandated to practise interdisciplinary collaboration.”
AHome health nursing involves interdisciplinary care. Coordination of care provided by an interdisciplinary team is an essential indirect function of the HHN. Team conferences are an ideal time for enhancing collaboration and continuity of services for optimal client care and use of resources and services. Without effective collaboration, there would be no continuity of care and the client’s home care program would be fragmented. This does not conflict with the concept of holism, however. Holism does not require that the HHN provide all services (i.e., direct client care). Many services, such as coordination of care, provide indirect care and contribute to holistic nursing care provision.
