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Ellen > L.A 9 Final > Flashcards

L.A 9 Final Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

How should a business letter be written?

A
  • Should be written politely
  • The letter should be assertive not aggressive
  • Details should be specific and clear
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2
Q

How should a business envelope be addressed?

A
  • Everything lines up on the left side
  • Everything is capitalized
  • No punctuation
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3
Q

Noun

A

A person, place, or thing

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4
Q

Pronoun

A

A word that can function by itself as a noun phrase that refers either too the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you), or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this)

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5
Q

Verb

A

A verb used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen

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6
Q

Adjective

A

A word or phrase naming an attribute

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7
Q

Adverb

A

A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g. gently, quite then, there)

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8
Q

Conjunction

A

A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if)

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9
Q

Preposition

A

A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun, or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

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10
Q

Interjection

A

an abrupt remark, made especially as an aside or interruption

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11
Q

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

A

When the pronoun agrees in number and person with its antecedent

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12
Q

Subject-Verb Agreement

A

The subject and the verb must agree in case and number

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13
Q

Action Verb

A

A verb that a subject can do (e.g. sing, eat, run)

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14
Q

Helping Verb

A

Verbs that become before the main verb, or the verb describing the action of the sentence (e.g. was, is, will, be, had, will have)

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15
Q

Linking Verb

A

A linking verb connects the subject with the word that gives information about the subject (e.g. is ,seems, smell)

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16
Q

Infinitive

A

The verb in its basic form. It is the version of the verb which will appear in the dictionary. (e.g. to run)

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17
Q

Gerund

A

Any verb ending in “ing” and used as a noun. (e.g. i like running, singing makes Sara happy)

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18
Q

Antecedent

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A

A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another. (e.g. the WOMAN who lives next door lost HER drivers license)

19
Q

Symbol:

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A

Anything that stands for or represents something other than itself

20
Q

How to recognize a symbol:

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A

1) Grasp the meaning of symbol
2) Recognize the signs
3) Familiarize yourself with the authors work and style
4) Trust your feelings
5) Look to other sources
* Take notes while you read to highlight what you think may be a symbol or an important idea

21
Q

Types of essays

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A
  • Argumentative or Persuasive Essay: you try to convince the reader that you are correct
  • Comparison (compare or contrast) Essay: you explain how two things are alike and how they are different.
  • Critical Essay: you do a critique of another writers work
  • Deductive Essay: you take facts and make a conclusion from them
  • Exploratory Essay: this is just free writing
  • Narrative Essay: you describe something or write a story
  • Personal Essay: you write an essay telling who you are
  • Research Essay: you spend time doing research and present your conclusions
  • -Responsive Essay: you examine a work of literature and discuss points found in it.
22
Q

What are the three main focuses of essays?

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A

Description, persuasion and opinion

23
Q

What it the 5-paragraph essay format?

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A

Introduction:

  • orient the reader
  • identify the focus/purpose
  • outline the scope
  • state thesis

Body:

  • topic sentence 1
  • supporting details
  • concluding sentence 1
  • topic sentence 2
  • supporting details
  • concluding sentence 2
  • topic sentence 3
  • supporting details
  • concluding sentence 3

Conclusion:

  • restate thesis
  • summarize argument
24
Q

Compound Subject:

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A

A single subject

25
Compound Verb:
A single verb
26
Subject & Predicate
A subject is what the sentence is about; a predicate tells is what the subject is or does.
27
Phrases
A phrase is a related group of words. The words work together as a "unit", but they do not have a subject and a verb.
28
Clauses
A clause is a group of words that does have both a subject and a verb.
29
Independent Clauses
Some clauses are independent, meaning that they would express a complete thought . An independent clause is not the same as a complete sentence.
30
Dependent Clauses
Some clauses are dependent, meaning that they cannot stand alone. They do have a subject and a verb, but they do not express a complete thought. Another word for dependent is subordinate.
31
Parts of Speech
How to identify all the parts of a sentence: (1) read the sentence aloud (2) ask the subject question (who or what is spoken about) (3) ask the verb question (what is the subject doing) (4) ask the complement questions (verb who or what) (5) if the verb in the sentence is an action verb/ then the complement is a direct object/ look at the verb determine if it can be done, if so, now that the complement is a direct object. (6) ask the indirect object questions (verb to or for whom or to) (7) ask the adjective questions (which noun, what kind, how many, whose {noun}) (8) ask the adverb questions ({verb} when, where, how, how often, or to what extent)
32
What do titles do?
Titles are very important: they often give the main idea of what the author is trying to say in the story.
33
Topic Sentence
The {topic sentence} is often at the beginning of the paragraph, and it gives a clear indication of what the main idea is, as well
34
Punctuate Dialog:
If the sentence ends with dialogue, the last punctuation mark goes inside the quotation marks.
35
Colon
Colons are used after an independent clause to direct attention to a list, an appositive, or a quotation. Remember that the first part must be a complete sentence.
36
Comma
Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction {when} it joins two independent clauses.
37
Question Mark
Used after a question has been asked.
38
Dash
Use dashes to set off parenthetical material that deserves emphasis.
39
Parenthesis
Use parenthesis to enclose extra information, minor digressions, and after thoughts.
40
Capitalization
Capitalize nouns, and the beginning of the sentence.
41
Type of sentences
1. Interrogative- a question, it must end with a question mark 2. Exclamatory: ends in an exclamation mark because it is dramatic 3. Declarative: states a fact, opinion, idea, or observation 4. Imperative: tells you something
42
Subject & Predicate
Subject= simple subject My favorite school subject=complete subject Has been=simple predicate Has always been Biology=complete predicate
43
Identify Sentence Error
(a) fragmented sentences - a word group that pretends to be a sentence but isn't (b) run-on sentences - independent clauses that have not been joined properly (c) comma splice - when two or more independent clauses joined with commas without a coordinating conjunction

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