LA diseases Flashcards
(44 cards)
What two physiological characteristics of the body can affect PCV?
Hydration status and splenic contraction
What two blood smear findings are normal in horses that would be abnormal in other species?
Anisocytosis and rouleaux formation
What do horses not produce that are typically the indicator of regenerative anemia?
Reticulocytes
What three indices are evidence of RBC regeneration in horses?
Macrocytosis, normochromic, and increased anisocytosis/RDW
What is the gold standard for confirming regenerative anemia?
Bone marrow sampling
You have a urine sample that you obtained from a suspected anemia horse and it is red. You centrifuge it and when it is done, there is a red pellet at the bottom and the rest of the urine is normal pale yellow, what does this indicate?
Hematuria
You have a urine sample that you obtained from a suspected anemia horse and it is red. You centrifuge it and when it is done, there is a red pellet at the bottom and the rest of the urine is normal pale yellow, what does this indicate? - Hematuria
If the urine were to still be red, what does this instead indicate?
Hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
How would you then distinguish between if the patient has hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria?
Take a blood sample and centrifuge it, plasma should be red for hemoglobinuria and normal, pale yellow/clear for myoglobinuria
What percentage of blood volume can horses lose before death?
30%
What percentage of a horse’s body weight is their blood volume?
8%
Why can giving a bolus of fluids to a hemorrhaging patient exacerbate bleeding?
The rapid increase in volume can knock a forming clot free and bleeding can restart
In addition to low PCV values and peracute hemorrhage signs (tachycardia, pale mm, hypotension, weakness), clinical signs of poor tissue oxygenation indicate a transfusion should be given. What is the primary indicator of poor tissue oxygenation?
High blood lactate
Should you type or cross-match a horse if they have never had a transfusion?
Nope
What are the two toxic processes of red maple toxicity?
Hemoglobin changes to methemoglobin and oxidative damage to RBCs
In the treatment of red maple toxicity, what is given to reduce methemoglobin back to hemoglobin?
Ascorbic acid
What is the name for the equine infectious anemia test that horses need to have a negative result of within 1 year when comingling with other horses?
Coggins test
Why do goats generally have lower PCVs than other species?
Their RBCs are smaller
Hemoglobin (on CBC) should be what fraction or lower of a patient’s PCV, besides in camelids whose hemoglobin can be up to ½ of their PCV?
⅓
What intestinal parasite is the primary cause of blood loss in small ruminants?
Haemonchus contortus
What ectoparasite can cause blood loss anemia in food animal species?
Lice
Which general age group of cattle will have mild to no clinical signs when infected with anaplasma?
Young, if infected before 6-9 months
What disease is very similar to anaplasma in terms of clinical signs and carrier state after infection that is transmitted by the Asian Longhorn tick?
Theileria
What occurs due to the sudden increase in water uptake by cells in water intoxication? Two answers.
Cerebral edema → neurologic signs; and hypotonicity and subsequent rupture of RBCs → intravascular hemolysis
What is the treatment for water intoxication?
Hypertonic saline IV
