LA heme Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
rouleaux formation
stack of coins
A
multiple myeloma
2
Q
auto agglutination (3)
clumping of RBCs
A
cold agglutin hemolytic anemia, mycoplasmic, EBV
3
Q
howell jowell bodies (3)
A
decreased splenic function
sickle cell
severe hemolytic anemia
4
Q
bite cells
A
hemolytic
thalassemia, G6PD
5
Q
schistocytes
A
hemolytic anemia, microangiopathic ds
6
Q
keratocytes (4)
A
helment shaped RBC
TTP, HUS, DIC
7
Q
basophillic stippling 5
A
sideroblastic anemia, heavy metal poisoning, TTP, thalassemia, alcoholism
8
Q
burr cells 3
echolocytes
A
uremia, hypophosphatemia, pyruvate kinase
9
Q
acanthocytes 5
spur cells
A
liver ds, post splenectomy, thalassemia, renal ds, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
10
Q
target cells 5
A
hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell, folate def, liver ds, thalassemia, asplenia
11
Q
spherocytes 2
A
hereditary spherocytosis, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
12
Q
hypersegmented neutrophils
A
B12 and folate def
13
Q
auer rods
A
AML
14
Q
reed sternberg cells
A
hodgkin
15
Q
blood type O+ can give and receive what
A
give to A+, B+, AB+ and O+
receive only O- and O+
16
Q
blood type O- can give and receive what
A
give to everyone
only receive from O-
17
Q
extrinsic pathway: lab and factor
A
factor 7, 10, and tissue factor
PT
18
Q
intrinsic pathway: lab and factor
A
factors 8, 9, 11, 12, vWF
PTT
19
Q
primary and secondary hemostatsis
A
primary is platelets making a plug with aggregation
secondary is clotting cascade to from fibrin to strengthen clot
20
Q
antidote for heparin overdose
A
protamine sulfate
21
Q
what is transferrin/TIBC
A
the desire to want iron
22
Q
labs with fe def anemia
A
low iron and ferritan, high TIBC
23
Q
koilonychia, chelitis, glossitis, pica
A
fe def anemia
24
Q
name 4 microcytic anemias
A
thalassemia
chronic disease
fe deficiency
sideroblastic
25
which disorder is when the heme production decreases and iron is stuck inside the cells
sideroblastic anemia
26
labs with sideroblastic anemia
increased iron, ferritan, dec TIBC
27
smear shows blue dots outside a circle
sideroblastic anemia: ringed sideroblasts or myelodysplastic syndrome
28
what is hepcidin
made in liver. guards/hides the iron. it can decrease the level of iron by reducing dietary absorption and inhibiting iron release from storage
29
what disorder is due to an abnormality in the globin production resulting in destruction of the RBCs and precursors
thalassemia
30
thalassemia doesn't affect what 2 things in the blood
iron and heme
31
hydrops fetalis is associated from what
alpha thalassemia with 4 deletions
32
frontal bossing, hair on end skull xray, chipmunk facies
beta thalassemia major
33
treatment to prevent iron overload
folate to chelate
34
Hb Barts
hydrops , alpha thalassemia with 4 deletions
35
increase in HbA2 and HbF
beta thalassemia major
36
tx for thalassemia
transfusion and folate
37
in anemia of chronic ds
dec TIBC (iron is hidden), increase hepcidin, increase ferritan
38
tx for anemia of chronic ds
rbc transfusion, EPO for CKD
39
pigmented gallstones hallmark
how
hereditary spherocytosis
extravascular hemolysis affects liver
40
MCHC in hereditary spherocytosis
increased
41
+ osmotic fragility test
hereditary spherocytosis
42
2 autosomal dominant bleeding d/o
hereditary spherocytosis, von Willebrand d/s
43
G6PD importance
converts enzymes to protect body from free radicals
44
macrobid, dapsone, primiquine
oxidative drugs
45
MC cause of B12 def
pernicious anemia
46
describe B12 absorption
attaches to intrinsic factor and later absorbed in the terminal ileum
47
metformin, anticonvulsants, hydroxyurea
can affect GI absorption of B12
48
increase in MMA
vit B12 def
49
difference between B12 and folate def
B12 has neuro sx and increase in MMA
50
schillings test
B12 def
51
3 autosomal recessive d/o
sickle cell, hemophilia C, and hereditary hemochromatosis
52
x linked disease 3
G6PD, hemophilia A and B
53
main races with sickle cell disease
blacks, india/middle eastern, meditterean
54
crescent shaped RBC
sickle cell disease
55
can cause vaso-occlusive sx
sickle cell disease
56
bone pain, priaprism, gallstones, jaundice, pretibial ulcers
sickle cell disease
57
electrophoresis result with sickle cell
Hgb S and maybe Hgb F
58
labs with sickle cell
low H & H
59
acute and preventative tx for sickle cell
acute: IV fluids, folate
preventative: hydroxyurea
60
what is haptoglobin
binds to free hgb in blood and breaks it down by macrophages
low in hemolytic anemia
61
reticulocytes, LDH, and bilirubin in hemolytic anemia
increased retic count cause the BM is trying to release them
LDH is increased from all the breakdown
bilirubin is increased b/c it is a degradation product of heme
62
in hemolytic anemia, what 2 ds should be screened for
sickle cell and G6PD
63
heart, liver, pancreas, joints, anterior pituitary, and endocrine organs
deposition of iron with hemochromatosis
64
chronic blood transfusions, sickle cell, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia
secondary causes of hemochromatosis
65
deferoxamine
iron chelating agent
66
avoid what with hemochromatosis
iron supplements, vit C, alcohol
67
hemophilia a, b, c and the factor they are missing and pathway it affects
A factor 8, intrinsic
B factor 9, intrinsic
C factor XI, intrinsic
68
labs with all the hemophilias
PTT prolonged, PT nml
69
desmopressin for which hemophilia
only A
70
von willebrand factor function
promotes platelet adhesion and also prevents factor 8 degradation
71
MC inherited bleeding disorder(1%)
von willebrand disease
72
spontaneous hemarthrosis
hemophilia A
73
christmas disease
hemophilia B
74
labs in von willebrand ds
PT nml, PTT prolonged
75
ristocetin induced platelet aggregation assay
von willebrand ds
76
mucotaneous bleeding, minor injuries, epistaxis, bleeding gums
von Willebrand ds
77
Most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
factor V leiden
78
affects protein C and inactivates clotting cascade. spontaneous miscarriages, clots can form anywhere but heart and brain.
factor V leiden
79
warfarin induced skin necrosis
Protein C and S def
80
tx for warfarin induced skin necrosis
IV vitamin K, heparin, concentrated Protein C, and FFP
81
MC form of hemolytic transfusion reaction
ABO incompatibility
82
type of reaction in hemolytic transfusion reaction
type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG mediated warm antibody
83
fever, chills, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, red urine, flank pain
hemolytic transfusion reaction
84
hemoglobinuria/emia, hyperbilirubinemia, acute renal failure
hemolytic transfusion reaction
85
labs with hemolytic transfusion reaction
increased retic, + Coombs
86
Adam T1313
TTP, adam is suppose to keep willy in check
87
what disorder looks similar to DIC
what is the difference to look for
TTP
PT and PTT NORMAL
88
dont do what in TTP
give platelets, do plasmaphoresis, glucocorticoids
89
which d/o do you not give platelets as part of the treatment
TTP
90
FAT RN: fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia(<30,000 platelets), renal failure, neuro changes
purpura, bleeding, petechia, epistaxis,
TTP
91
TTP precipitated by what
estrogen, plavix, PG
92
what disorder leads to increase in vW factor leading to microangiopathies, thrombocytopenia, and small vessel thrombi
TTP
93
what disorder is destroying platelets
ITP
94
MC bleeding disorder in childhood
ITP and ALL
95
what disorder has a nml smear
ITP
96
labs in ITP
only thrombocytopenia
97
increased d dimer, PT, PTT
dec fibrinogen
DIC
98
undercooked meats
e coli and HUS
99
MHA, thrombocytopenia, AND acute kidney injury
HUS
100
increase serum creatinine, thrombocytopenia, smear schistocytes
HUS
101
what disease do you not order antibx and antimotility meds
HUS
102
what to avoid with HUS
antibx and antimotility meds
103
can have simultaneous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
104
50% platelet drop, gangrene, DVT
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
105
what is d dimer
fibrin degradation product
106
contiguous spread to LOCAL lymphnodes
hodgkins
107
hemategenous spread, extranodal involvement
non hodgkins
108
starry sky
burkitt's non hodgkins
109
common pathogen for hodgkins and non hodgkins
ebv
110
jaw and facial tumor
non hodgkins
111
smudge cells
crushed little lymphocytes
CLL
112
philadelpia chromosome
CML
113
abrupt fever, anemia, lumpy, limping
ALL
114
which leukemia is chemo highly responsive
ALL
115
which leukemia is watch and wait
CLL
116
vitamin A for which leukemia
AML
117
MC leukemia in adults
AML
118
methotrexate and leukemia
for chemo to protect CNS, mainly ALL
119
BM bx: hypercellular >20% lymphoblasts
ALL
120
BM bx: hypercellular >20% myeloblasts
AML
121
BM bx: absolute lymphocytosis > 5000
CLL
122
BM bx: predominant neutrophils
CML
123
imatinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
for CML
124
ages for hodgkin and non hodgkin
hodgkin: bimodal
non: old
125
JAK2 mutation
kinase
polycythemia vera
kinase: essential thrombocytosis
126
aquagenic pruritis
polycythemia vera
127
BM bx: fibrosis
polycythemia vera
128
pseudopelger huet cells
myelodysplastic syndrome
129
bm bx: hyposegmented, hypogranulated neutrophils
myelodysplastic syndrome
130
budd chiari syndrome
myelodysplastic syndrome
131
bm bx: hypercelluar megakarocyte, hypertrophy, hyperplasia
essential thrombocytosis
132
multiple cell lines down
aplastic anemia
133
parovirus b19, quinine, nsaids, seizure meds, chemo, thyroid, antibx
could cause aplastic anemia
134
hypocellular fatty bone marrow, pancytopenia
aplastic anemia
135
bone marrow failure
aplastic anemia
136
2nd most common hematologic cancer
multiple myeloma
137
hypercalcemia
multiple myeloma
138
bence jones
multiple myeloma
139
exposure to chemicals(hairdresser, agriculture), obesity, elderly, blacks, men
multiple myeloma
140
vitamin K factors affected first with coagulopathy of the liver
2, 7, 9, 10
141
vitamin K absorbed where
jejunum and ileum
142
hypocalcemina, inc lactic acid, inc uric acid, inc phosphate, potassium
tumor lysis syndrome
