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MLS 234 > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Type of specimen for parasite detection and diagnosis

A

Fecal/ Stool

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2
Q

List Diagnosis test (7)

A 
O&P 
sigmoidoscopy
tissue biopsy
Entero-test capsule
Duodenal aspirate
Concentration techniques
Radiology studies
Serological test (Ab)
Immunological test (serum Ab or fecal Ag)
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3
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Trichuris trichiura

A

Helminths

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4
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Helminths

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5
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Nectar americanus

A

Helminths

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6
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Helminths

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7
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Helminths

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8
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Taenia

A

Helminths

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9
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Helminths

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10
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Hymenolepis nana

A

Helminths

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11
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Schistosoma japonicum

A

Helminths

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12
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Schistosoma mansomi

A

Helminths

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13
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Fasciolopsis buski

A

Helminths

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14
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Heterophyes westermani

A

Helminths

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15
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Helminths

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16
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Paragonimus westermani

A

Helminths

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17
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Clonorchis sinensis

A

Helminths

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18
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Protozoa

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19
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Giardia lamblia

A

Protozoa

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20
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Dientamoeba fragilis

A

Protozoa

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21
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Balantidium coli

A

Protozoa

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22
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Cryptosporidium parvum

23
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

C. hominis

24
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Cystoisospora belli

25
Helminths or Protozoa? | Microsporidia
Protozoa
26
Helminths or Protozoa? | Cyclospora cayetanesis
Protozoa
27
Types of fresh stool
Liquid Soft Formed
28
Liquid specimens collection and motility
examine within 30 mins of collection | Trophozoite motility only in fresh seen within 1 hr
29
Soft specimen collection
examine within 1 hour of collection or place in preservative
30
Formed specimen collection
examine within 1 day or place in preservative
31
Preserved specimen
recommended if time constraints, send out to public health labs
32
What is in a stool collection kit
``` Empty vial 10% formalin MIF SAF PVA PVA sub (universal fixative - Total fix), (Ecofix), (Protofix), (Parasafe) Schaudin Tac holding medium ```
33
What is MIF
Merthiolate- Iodine- Formalin
34
What is PVA
Polyvinyl alcohol (contains Hg)
35
What is SAF
Sodium- Acetate- Formalin
36
Ideal stool collection process
3 specimens collected every other day or within 10 days reality: one specimen
37
O & P testing for a fresh specimen
Macroscopic check | 3 microscopic tests: direct wet prep, concentration, permanent stain
38
O&P testing for a fixed specimen
Macroscopic check | 2 microscopic test: concentration and permanent stain
39
Microscopic: Direct wet test
only if specimen is fresh, must be done within 30 mins of collection to see trophozoite motility
40
Microscopic: concentration procedures:
Flotation: zinc sulfate Sedimentation: Formalin-ethyl- acetate
41
Microscopic: Permanent stained smear
Mandatory to complete exam | Trichrome stain or Inron hematoxylin stain
42
Concentration Procedures: Flotation (Zinc Sulfate)
"clean material" may lose helminth eggs high specific gravity kills some trophozoites surface film must be removed and examine immediately
43
Concentration Procedures: Sedimentation (FEA)
Material has more debris all organisms are covered in debris General lab test
44
Flotation ZInc Sulfate Method
1. Specimen should be formalin fixed 2. strain 8ml of stool through wet gauze into conical centrifuge tube 3. add .85% NaCl, centrifuge, decant and add Zinc Sulfate (1.20 SG- fixed, 1.18 SG- fresh) 4. Put on coverslip or use loop to obtain surface film 5. Examine smear on 10x then 40x
45
Sedimentation- FEA method
1. funnel gauze or filtration 2. O&P in stool pass through the filter 3. Add formalin, ethyl acetate, mix, strain, and centrifuge 4. Remove supernatant and examine sediment 5. Examine smear on 10x then 40x
46
Reasons for each Permanent Stain | both types
Iron Hematoxylin - great stain hard procedure - lengthy method Trichrome - easy procedure - reproducible results - general lab use
47
How to examine a Permanent stained smear
Examine slide on 100x for 10-15mins or until 200 fields have been examined
48
Reporting results rules
Any parasite stages reported by scientific name, both genus & species, stage (egg, ova, larvae, oocyst, trophozoite)
49
On permanent stain what can be identified
Trophozoites and cysts, tissue cells, blood cell, and yeast
50
What is more identifiable with the FEA Concentration test
Helminths eggs and larvae work best FEA, | staining
50
What is more identifiable with the FEA Concentration test
Helminths eggs and larvae work best FEA, | otherwise they retain too much stain making it harder to properly ID
51
What elements may be reported semiquantitatively
Trichuris trichiura Trematodes Blasocystis hominis
52
How to clean up
50% bleach solution (10% is used for blood or BF) Phenolic compounds 50/50 solution of xylene and 70% alcohol

MLS 234 (2 decks)

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