Lab 1: Endocrine System

Question 1

ENDOCRINE VS EXOCRINE

Answer 1

Endo= "secrete within" *no ducts*
Exo= "secrete out" *has ducts*

Question 2

Glands

Answer 2

Secrete hormones into inter fluids to diffuse into bloodstream

Question 3

Neuroendocrine

Answer 3

When nervous and endocrine system works together to maintain homeostasis.

Question 4

HORMONES

Answer 4

Are released, but actioned in another part of the body (target tissue)
Very potent
Maintain homeostasis, reg. cell activity and growth, body functions, metabolism.

Question 5

Pineal Gland

Answer 5

Secretes melatonin
Target: brain
function: biological clock, sleepiness, antioxidant
Disorder: SAD and jet lag

Question 6

Pituitary Gland

Answer 6

Regulated by hypothalamus and connected by the infundibulum.

2 Parts: Anterior and Posterior glands

Question 7

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 7

Connected to hypothalamus by nerves.
Does NOT synthesize hormones, only stores and secretes what hypothalamus produces.
Stores antioxidant and oxytocin
Release of hormones are triggered by nerve signals/firings

Question 8

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 8

Produced by hypothal. and stored in posterior gland.
Prevents formation of urine.
Target tissue: kidneys, sweat glands, arterioles
Disorder: Hyppsecretion

Question 9

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 9

Produced and secreted by hypothalamus, stored in the posterior gland.
Target tissue: Women-uterus, mammary gland, brain
Men: Smooth muscle, duct decefrens, prostate gland
Function: Women: contractions, milk ejection
Men: Aid sperm release

Question 10

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 10

Connected to hypothalamus through blood vessels and capillaries.
Secretes hormones from hypothalamus.

Question 11

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 11

Regulated by GHRH, GHIH
Target: bones, muscle, cartilage, liver
Function: Promotes cell growth, protein synthesis, tissue repair, control blood sugar 
Disorders: HypoRelease= Dwarfism
Hyperrelease= Giantism, Acromegaly

Question 12

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 12

Reg by: TRH (to increase levels) and GHIH (to inhibit)
Target: thyroid
Function: Stimulate synthesis and secrete thyroid hormones

Question 13

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 13

Reg by: CRH, trauma, low blood sugar (increase levels) and negative feedback (inhibits)
Target: adrenal cortex
Functions: Stimulate and secrete adrenal cortex hormones (cortisol)

Question 14

Melanocyte (MSH)

Answer 14

Reg. by: dopamine inhibits release
Target: brain, skin
Function: Unknown, to do with melatonin in skin

Question 15

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 15

Reg by: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing H)
Target: Ovaries, testes
Function: women: ovulation, estrogen, progesterone
Men: Stim Secretion testosterones

Question 16

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) *TROPIC

Answer 16

Reg by: GnRH (increase levels)
Negative feedback (inhibits)
Target: Ovaries, testes
Function: Develop oocytes, secrete estrogen (women)
Stimulate sperm secretion (MALE)

Question 17

Prolactin *tropic (PRL)

Answer 17

Reg by: PRH (prolactin releasing hormone) (increase) and PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone)
Target: Mammary gland

Question 18

Thyroid Gland

Answer 18

Butterfly shape: 2 wings/masses and body (isthmus)
Function: Secrete T3 And T4 and CT (calcitonin)
Disorder: Hypothyroidism, goiters (swelling of gland)
Hyperthyroidism, Grave’s disease, eye protrusion

Question 19

CT Calcitonin

Answer 19

Regulated by: red blood cells
Target: bone and kidneys
antagonist to parathyroid

Question 20

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 20

Reg: Red blood cell
Target: kidney and bone
Disorder: Hyperparathyroidism: brittle bone, likeliness of kidney stones

Question 21

Thymosin

Answer 21

Target: T lymphocytes
Function: immune response, T lymphocytes maturing

Question 22

Adrenal Cortex and Medulla

Answer 22

Cortex: outside layer, secrete steroid and sex hormones (aldosterone: decrease blood vol and pressure, target is kidneys)
Medulla: Inside layer, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline) target: heart, skeletal muscles)

Question 23

LAB 1: Effect Blood Glucose System (fish experiment)

Answer 23

Blood Sugar increases= insulin cause body cells to take in sugar of blood= blood sugar decreases.
Normoglycemia: Normal level Blood Glycose
Hyperglycemia: High level Blood Glycose
Hypoglycemia: Low level blood glucose

Question 24

LAB 2: Thyroid Hormones and Temperature Regulation (mouse experiment)

Answer 24

Thyroid hormone: heat generates metabolism reaction (shivering)
Hypothyroidism: low body temp
PTU: blocks producing thyroid hormone