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Biology > Lab 1 Exam > Flashcards

Lab 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Describe: Oscillatoria

A

Long rods of cyanobacteria called filaments. Oscillating organisms gives its name.

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2
Q

Describe: Anabaena

A

Bead-like
Similar to bead bracelets

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3
Q

Describe: Gleocapsa

A

Mucus sheathed cyanobacterial colonies

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4
Q

Describe: Paramecium

A

Pink ciliate protist
Reproduce by binary fission (longwise) and conjugation

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5
Q

Describe: Peranema

A

Green flagellate protist
Lives in stagnant water

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6
Q

Describe: Trypanosoma

A

Pink or purple eel like protist
Causes African sleeping sickness
Excavata supergroup
Flagella

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7
Q

What are heterocysts in cyanobacteria?

A

Dark spots in discussed cyanobacteria that are essential for nitrogen fixation.

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8
Q

Asexual Reproduction of cyanobacteria:

A

Fragmentation or budding

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9
Q

Food vacuoles are (dark/clear)

A

Dark

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10
Q

Contractile vacuoles are (dark/clear)

A

Clear

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11
Q

Describe:
Phylum: Zygomycota

A

Both asexual and sexual repro.
Sporangiums contain asexual spores.
Sporangiums are a ball like structure on top of a stalk called a sporangiophore, connected with roots at the bottom called rhizoids.
Zygotes formed by fusion of hyphae are protected by a coat -> zygospore

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12
Q

Describe:
Phylum: Ascomycota

A

Reproduce sexually with an ascus (finger like sacs with ~8 spores) and ascospores
Yeasts, lichens

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13
Q

Describe:
Yeasts of Phylum Ascomycota

A

Reproduce asexually via budding
Sometimes sexual repro. via ascus
Unicellular fungi

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14
Q

2 requirements for fungal survival

A

Moist habitat
Moderate temperature

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15
Q

Scientific name for common bread mold

A

Rhizopus

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16
Q

Peziza is an example of:

A

Ascomycete

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17
Q

Bread mold, yeasts, cup fungi, earthstars, bracket fungi, puffballs, mushrooms, are examples of which fungal phyla?

A

Basidiomycetes

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18
Q

Describe:
Phyla: Basidiomycota

A

Reproduce sexually via basidia (club like structures on gills)
Tip of basidia = 4 spores

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19
Q

Sexual Reproduction of 3 Fungal phyla

A

Zygomycota form large zygospores.
Ascomycota use ascii to form ascospores, with 8 ascospores in a line.
Basidiomycota use basidia found in the gills to form basidiospores, usually found in groups of four.

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20
Q

Classification of Animals can use 2 categories of organs:

A

Backbone presence
Germ layer number

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21
Q

Which animal is a Perozoan? Why?

A

Sponges
No true tissue due to lack of germ layer

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22
Q

Describe use of ostia in a sponge.

A

Water moves into the sponge through pores called ostia.

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23
Q

Describe use of incurrent canals in sponges.

A

Incurrent canals carry water into the central cavity.

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24
Q

Describe osculum in the sponges.

A

Top of the sponge where water exits.

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25
Q

Sponges are ____ and animals are Metozoan.

A

Parazoan (due to their lack of germ layers and true tissue).

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26
Q

(sponges) Collar cells are alternatively called…

A

Choanocytes

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27
Q

Describe the central cavity.

A

Lined with choanocytes to digest food. Like the stomach, but for sponges. Water exits through the osculum and enters via incurrent canals and ostia.

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28
Q

Choanocytes have what adaptation to grab their food and filter the passing water?

A

Flagellas

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29
Q

Describe radial canals (sponges)

A

Increase surface area of sponge
Inbetween incurrent canals of sponge
Lined with choanocytes

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30
Q

Purpose of amoebocytes in sponges

A

Deliver nutrients to cells. Receive food from choanocytes.

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31
Q

Purpose of spicules in sponges

A

Skeletal structure of a sponge. Provides structure

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32
Q

Silica spicules are present in-

A

glass sponges

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33
Q

protein spicules are present in-

A

bath sponges

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34
Q

Calcium Carbonate spicules are present in-

A

Grantia sponges

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35
Q

Spicules are produced by what specialized cell?

A

Sclerocytes

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36
Q

Describe Cnidarians

A

Diploblastic animals
radial symmetry
2 forms - polyp and medusa

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37
Q

Describe polyps

A

Mouth at the top of the structure. Tube like.
Ex: sea anemones

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38
Q

Describe medusa.

A

Mouth at the bottom of the main structure. Top part is a bell like structure with mouth at the bottom. Tentacles.
Ex: jellyfish

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39
Q

The cnidarian Hydra has stinging cells lining its tentacles to sting prey called…

A

Cnidocytes (bumps on the tentacles)

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40
Q

Hydras reproduce via

A

budding

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41
Q

Obelia is an example of a special Cnidarian because it…

A

has both polyp and medusa structures.

42
Q

Describe Obelia morphology

A

Tentacles sprouting out of bulbs = feeding polyps.
Long bulbs with balls inside called medusa buds = reproductive polyps.
Both polyp and medusa life stages and structures.

43
Q

Man O’ Wars are special Cnidarians because they:

A

are colonies of specialized organisms.

44
Q

Sponges belong to Phylum

A

Porifera

45
Q

All triploblastic animals have ____ symmetry.

A

Bilateral

46
Q

Describe coelomates

A

Digestive tract is lined with mesoderm tissue. Mesoderm tissue has empty space = coelom.

True body cavity due to space being fully surrounded by mesoderm tissue.

47
Q

Describe pseudocoelomates.

A

Digestive tract is not lined with any mesoderm tissue. No true body cavity can be had. “Almost a coelomate”

A body cavity surrounded by mesoderm and digestive tract = not a true body cavity.

48
Q

Describe acoelomates.

A

Digestive tract is surrounded by mesoderm tissue. Mesoderm is solid throughout.

49
Q

Examples of acoelomates.

A

Flatworms. Planarians.

50
Q

Examples of pseudocoelomates.

A

Roundworms, Nematodes.

51
Q

Examples of coelomates.

A

Earthworms.

52
Q

What is a bladderworm?

A

Larval version of a tapeworm. Named for its head that inverts and looks like a sac when attaching to host.

53
Q

Common characteristics of Porifera

A

No true tissue or germ layers. Parazoans.

54
Q

Common characteristics of Cnidarians

A

Diploblastic.
Radial symmetry
polyp/medusa

55
Q

Common characteristics of Platyhelminthes

A

Acoelomates
Many are flatworm-esque
Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry
Incomplete digestive system

56
Q

Auricles, eyespots, pharynx, mouth

A

Auricles - bumps on sides of flatworm head
Eyespots - dark spots
Pharynx - tubular structure in middle of flatworm

57
Q

Scolex, proglottids

A

Scolex - enlarged head for attachment to host
Proglottids - repeating flattened body segments that emerge from neck region downward. These segments have both ovaries and testes. Fertilization between segments creates eggs which are then dispersed with waste.

58
Q

Common characteristics of Nematodes

A

Pseudocoelomates
Complete digestive system

59
Q

Examples of Nematodes

A

Roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms, Ascaris, Trichinella

60
Q

Ascaris Dissection

A

Vagina - Bottom of a v-like structure
Uterus - largest part of tube
Intestine - runs through hole worm
Oviducts - small curling tubes everywhere
Mouth closest to vagina
Anus opposite to mouth

61
Q

Male vs female Ascaris

A

Males have hooked tails and are smaller

62
Q

Common characteristics of Mollusca

A

Muscular foot for locomotion
Visceral mass with organs
Mantle protecting visceral mass
Scraping radula for feeding
Triploblastic coelomates

63
Q

Common characteristics of Annelida

A

Segmented worms with complete digestive tracts
Coelomates

64
Q

Common characteristics of Arthropods

A

Invertebrates
Exoskeletons
Pairs of jointed appendages
Triploblastic

65
Q

Shown classes of Mollusca (5)

A

Bivalva
Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Scaphopoda
Amphineura

66
Q

Describe Bivalva

A

Clams, mussels, oysters. Typical sea shell shell.

67
Q

Describe Gastropoda.

A

Snails, slugs. Typical conch like shell.

68
Q

Describe Cephalopoda.

A

Squids, calamari, octopus, nautilus. Tentacles and well developed eye.

69
Q

Describe Scaphopoda

A

Tooth shells. Literally long skinny teeth,

70
Q

Describe Amphineura

A

Common name chitons. Oval-ish shells with ridges. “Armor plate appearance”. Kinda looks like a fossil ig.

71
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Repetition of body parts

72
Q

What are the benefits of segmentation?

A

More efficient movement
Better blood flow

73
Q

Classes of Arthropods (6)

A

Merostomata
Arachnida
Malacostraca
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Insecta

74
Q

Describe Merostomata

A

Horseshoe crabs

75
Q

Describe Arachnida

A

Spiders, scorpions. 8 legs, two parts (cephalothorax and abdomen.)

76
Q

Describe Insecta

A

Insects. 6 legs with 3 parts: head, thorax, abdomen.

77
Q

Describe Malacostraca

A

Crabs, crawfish, shrimp, rolly pollies.

78
Q

Describe Chilopoda

A

Centipedes are venomous

79
Q

Describe Diplopoda

A

Di- 2. Millipedes
Millipedes have 2x more legs per segment than centipedes and are not venomous although some are poisonous.

80
Q

Classes of Platyhelminthes

A

Trematoda
Cestoda
Turbellaria

81
Q

Classes of Nematoda

A

Phasmidea

82
Q

Classes of Annelida

A

Oligochaeta
Polychaeta
Hirudinea

83
Q

Describe Oligochaetes

A

Earthworms.
Segmentation of body with small body hair - setae.

84
Q

Describe Polychaetes

A

Parchment tube worm, lugworms
Distinctive head region with fleshy appendages. Almost looks like small legs.

85
Q

Describe Hirudinea

A

Leeches.
Hirudineates have suckers.

86
Q

Describe Trematoda

A

Liver flukes that live in blood, lungs and brain.

87
Q

Describe Cestoda

A

Tapeworms. Note bladderworms are larval tapeworms.

88
Q

Describe Turbellaria

A

Planarial flatworms.

89
Q

An organism is triploblastic, has an exoskeleton, and has jointed appendages. This organism belongs to phylum:

A

Arthropoda.

90
Q

If an animal was diploblastic it would likely belong to phylum:

A

Cnidaria

91
Q

Obelia are (medusa/polyp/both).

A

Both

92
Q

Which phyla has a complete digestive tract (Platyhelminthes/Nematoda). Note one is the opposite (meaning it has an incomplete one).

A

Nematodes have complete digestive systems.

93
Q

Crawfish dissection

A

5 pairs of walking legs, with the 1st pair modified as a pair of pinching claws.
5 pairs of swimmerets under abdomen.
Telson is middle flap with uropods surrounding.
Gonads
Green gonads
Ganglia
Cardiac 1st, then pyloric stomach following (assuming from head to abdomen)

94
Q

Clam dissection

A

Know dorsal and ventral side (dorsal is umbo and hinge, ventral is opening)
Aductor muscles
mantle
heart location
labial palps
digestive glands
foot muscle
umbo and hinge

95
Q

Arthropodian exoskeletons are primarily made of:

A

Chitin

96
Q

What is cephalization?

A

Centralization of nerves and organs into a head region.

97
Q

Gonads are located under ____ in crawfish.

A

The heart.

98
Q

Roundworms belong to phyla:

A

Nematode

99
Q

Tapeworms belong to phyla:

A

Platyhelminth and class: Cestoda

100
Q

Location of stomachs and gastric mill in crawfish.

A

Near the head. Cardiac stomach is anterior to the pyloric stomach, gastric mill is located in the Cardiac stomach.

Biology (2 decks)

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