LAB 1 (Exercises: 1.1-1.3, 5.5-5.7, 7.1-7.5) Flashcards
What does superior (cranial) mean?
Closer to the head (possibly above)
Example: lungs are superior to stomach
What does Inferior (caudal) mean?
Closer to feet (possibly below)
Example: Liver is inferior to heart
What does Anterior (ventral) mean?
Closer to the front of the body.
Example: Trachea is anterior to the esophagus
What does posterior (dorsal) mean?
Closer to the back of the body.
Example: The vertebral column is posterior to the heart.
What does medial mean?
Closer to midline.
Example: The nose is medial to the cheeks.
What does lateral mean?
Farther from midline.
Example: The spleen is lateral to the pancreas.
What does intermediate mean?
Between a more medial and lateral structure.
Example: The clavicle is intermediate to the sternum and shoulders.
What does proximal mean?
Closer to the trunk (point of attachment).
Example: The shoulder is proximal to the elbow (elbow is the point of attachment and is used as the reference).
What does distal mean?
Farther from the trunk (point of attachment).
Example: The wrist is distal to the elbow. (elbow is the point of attachment and is used as the reference).
What is Superficial (external)?
Closer to or on the surface.
Example: The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
What is deep (internal)?
Farther from the surface.
Example: The bones are deep to the skin.
What does parietal mean?
Pertaining to the wall of a body cavity.
Example: The membrane lining the thoracic wall is the parietal pleura.
What does visceral mean?
Pertaining (related) to the covering of an organ.
Example: The membrane that covers the surface of the lungs is the visceral pleura.
What does ipsilateral mean?
On the same side of the body.
Example: The right lung is ipsilateral to the liver.
What is contralateral?
On the opposite side of the body.
Example: The left arm is contralateral to the right lung.
What is the Frontal Plane?
It is the vertical planes that pass longitudinally through the body left and right.
It divides the body into the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR portions.
What is a frontal section?
The surface formed by a cut in the frontal plane
What is the Transverse (horizontal) Plane?
The transverse (horizontal) planes divide the body into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR sections.
What are Transverse (cross sections)?
Cross sections formed by the cuts along transverse planes.
What are the Sagittal Planes?
Vertical planes that pass longitudinally through the body from anterior (front) and posterior (back), dividing the body into LEFT and RIGHT parts.
Two types of sagittal planes:
Midsagittal or median plane: passes through midline and divides the body EQUALLY into left and right halves.
Parasagittal planes: runs parallel to the median plane and divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right parts.
Sagittal sections are formed by cuts along sagittal planes.
What is an organ?
An organ is a certain structure that contains at least two, or often all four types of tissues and carries out specific functions.
What is an organ system?
Collection of organs that work together to complete a common function.
Example: Digestive system has the small intestine, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and most organs in the abdominal cavity.
What is the integumentary system?
Made up of:
- Skin
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands
Functions:
- Helps regulate body temperature
- Gives protection
- Controls water volume
- Eliminates some waste products (such as sweat)
- Vitamin D production
-Gives sensation
What is the skeletal system?
Made up of:
- Bones
- Cartilage
- Joints
Function:
- Support and protection for the body, production of blood
