Lab 1: Histology & Integumentary System (Bolded Terms)

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

The study of tissues (a group of similarly structured cells that work together to accomplish a specific function).

Question 2

4 Major Tissue Categories

Answer 2

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 3

Epithelial tissue does what?

Answer 3

lines and covers organs (as well as their internal passageways), create boundaries between different environments, and forms glands

Question 4

Epithelial tissue is made up of…

Answer 4

sheets of cells, with the cells in a given sheet tightly joined together via strong intercellular connections formed by tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 5

Epithelia functions:

Answer 5

filtration, absorption, protection, secretion, excretion, and sensory reception

Question 6

free or apical surface

Answer 6

an epithelium always has one surface where the cells are exposed to either the external environment or to an internal passageway or cavity

Question 7

basal lamina functions…

Answer 7

as a filter at the base of the epithelium and can form a scaffold for wound repair

Question 8

basal lamina

Answer 8

located between the epithelium and its connective tissue layer, is not cellular and is formed by glycoprotein secretions from the epithelial cells plus collagen fibers

Question 9

simple epithelia

Answer 9

has only one layer

Question 10

simple epithelia functions:

Answer 10

diffusion, absorption, filtration, and secretion

Question 11

To protect epithelia at the free surface, cells called _______ secrete mucus that coats the cells

Answer 11

goblet cells

Question 12

stratified epithelia are composed of

Answer 12

more than one layer

Question 13

stratified epithelia can be found in…

Answer 13

areas exposed to abrasion and friction, such as the body surface and upper digestive tract

Question 14

stratified epithelia functions:

Answer 14

protection

Question 15

Name the different types of epithelia cells

Answer 15

squamous-shaped cell, cuboidal-shaped cell, and columnar-shaped cell

Question 16

squamous-shaped cell

Answer 16

its nucleus is flattened, “squished”

Question 17

cuboidal-shaped cell

Answer 17

its nucleus is round

Question 18

columnar-shaped cell

Answer 18

its nucleus is oblong-shaped, but you will find the nuclei of this cell to be round as well

Question 19

______ epithelia regenerate from basal cells that divide and then move out to replace older cells near the apical border

Answer 19

Stratified

Question 20

Most common stratified epithelium

Answer 20

stratified squamous

Question 21

Supported by connective tissue

Answer 21

the cells are attached to and supported by an adhesive basement membrane, which is an amorphous material secreted partly by the epithelial cells (basal lamina) and connective tissue cells (reticular lamina) that lie adjacent to each other w/ the reticular lamina deeper to the basal lamina

Question 21

Avascularity

Answer 21

lining epithelial tissues have no blood supply of their own (avascular), but instead depend on diffusion of nutrients from the underlying connective tissue

Question 21

Regeneration

Answer 21

If well nourished, epithelial cells can easily regenerate themselves

Question 22

There are several characteristics that distinguish epithelial tissues from other tissue types:

Answer 22

1. Regeneration 2. Polarity 3. Cellularity and specialized contacts 4. Supported by connective tissue 5. Avascularity 6. Innervated

Question 23

Polarity

Answer 23

The membranes always have one free surface (apical surface), and typically that surface is significantly different from the basal surface

Question 24

Cellularity and specialized contacts

Answer 24

cells fit closely together to form membranes (sheets of cells) and are bound together by specialized junctions

Question 25

Innervated

Answer 25

meaning supplied by nerve fibers for regulation

Question 26

epithelial cells or aka

Answer 26

basal lamina

Question 27

connective tissue cells or aka

Answer 27

reticular lamina

Question 28

basal surface

Answer 28

the surface opposite the apical surface, and also describes the deepest cell layer in epithelia with multiple cell layers.

Question 29

avascular definition

Answer 29

having few or no blood vessels

Question 30

thin and often permeable, flattened cells found where filtration, or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion, is a priority

Answer 30

simple squamous epithelium

Question 31

Description of simple squamous epithelium:

Answer 31

single layer of flattened cells w/ disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

Question 32

Function of simple squamous epithelium:

Answer 32

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae (tissue lining of a body cavity or outer lining of an organ)

Question 33

Location of simple squamous epithelium:

Answer 33

kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity

Question 34

consists of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide and a spherical nucleus

Answer 34

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 35

Description of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 35

single layer of cube-like cells w/ large, spherical central nuclei

Question 36

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 36

kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

Question 37

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium:

Answer 37

secretion and absorption

Question 38

Two simple squamous epithelia in the body have special names that reflect their location which are...

Answer 38

Endothelium and Mesothelium

Question 39

single layer of tall, closely packed cells lining most of the digestive tract, the uterine tubes and the renal collecting ducts

Answer 39

simple columnar epithelium

Question 39

Endothelium

Answer 39

provides a slick, friction-reducing lining in hollow organs that transmit body fluids (e.g., lymph, blood)

Question 40

Mesothelium

Answer 40

the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs

Question 41

Description of stratified squamous epithelium:

Answer 41

thick membrane composed of several layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are squamous; in the keratinized type, the surface cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers

Question 41

Description of simple columnar epithelium:

Answer 41

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

Question 42

Function of simple columnar epithelium:

Answer 42

Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

Question 43

Location of simple columnar epithelium:

Answer 43

Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus

Question 44

forms the superficial region of the skin, called the epidermis

Answer 44

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 45

Function of stratified squamous epithelium:

Answer 45

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

Question 46

Location of stratified squamous epithelium:

Answer 46

nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

Question 47

a protein that helps form hair, nails and your skin's outer layer (epidermis)

Answer 47

keratin

Question 47

Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

Question 48

lines the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and parts of the male reproductive tract

Answer 48

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 48

Location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

Question 48

the outermost layer of skin on your body

Answer 48

epidermis

Question 48

the process in which the outermost cells of the epidermis in vertebrates are replaced by cells containing keratin

Answer 48

keratinized

Question 49

Description of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

Question 50

Description of transitional epithelium:

Answer 50

transitional epithelium

Question 51

Function of transitional epithelium:

Question 51

Location of transitional epithelium: