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Neurobiology > Lab 1 Nervous Tissue Histology > Flashcards

Lab 1 Nervous Tissue Histology Flashcards

1
Q

a neuron consists of:

A

A perikaryon (cell body)
One Axon
Number of dendrites

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2
Q

Perikaryon consists of

A

Cell nucleus

Cytoplasm surrounding nucleus Nissl Substance

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3
Q

Unipolar (pseudo unipolar) neuron

A

Sensory neuron with cell bodies in spinal and cranial nerve ganglia

Originate embryologically as bipolar neurons

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4
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

Relatively rare

Sensory neurons found in:
olfactory epithelium
Retina of the eye
Ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve

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5
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Most common type

Located:
In CNS
In autonomic ganglia

Have more than 2 processes emanating from the cell body

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6
Q

Cerebellar cortex

A

Superficial grey matter of the cerebellum

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7
Q

Three layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

Outer molecular layer made of few cells and many no myelinated fibers
Intermediate layer made of Purkinje cells
Inner granular layer made of tightly packed cells and fibers

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8
Q

2 characteristics of multipolar neurons

A

More than two processes from the cell body

Cell body received synaptic input just like the dendrite receives

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9
Q

Axon is specialized to do what?

A

Conduct excitation from the input region to the output region of a neuron

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10
Q

Dendritic Zone =

A

Cell body plus the dendrites of a multipolar cell

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11
Q

Telodendria

A

Axon terminal branches

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12
Q

Neuroglial cells are

A

Supportive cells of the nervous tissue

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13
Q

Astrocytes:

A

Provide structural support for the CNS

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14
Q

Oligodendria:

A

Form myelin in the CNS

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15
Q

Microglia:

A

Serve as a macrophage in the CNS

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16
Q

Fibrous astrocytes

A

Found in white matter

Long, slender processes

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17
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes

A

Found in grey matter

Short, bushy processes

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18
Q

Astrocyte end feet:

A

Contact blood vessels and control local blood flow in the CNS

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19
Q

Cell bodies in white matter belong to:

A

Glial cells or blood vessels

Not neurons!

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20
Q

Astrocyte cell body:

A

Large, oval, leptochromatic nucleus

21
Q

Oligodendrocyte cell body:

A

Small, round, pachychromatic nucleus

22
Q

Microglia comprise ……. Of the glial cell population

A

4%, hard to find

23
Q

…….. Surrounds individual nerve fascicles

A

Perineurium

24
Q

………. Surrounds individual myelinated fibers within the fascicle

A

Endoneurium

25
Q

……….. ……… Form a protective barrier around the nerve fascicle

A

Perineural epithelium

26
Q

Myelin appears as ……. Following lipid extraction during processing

A

Neurokeratin

27
Q

Myelinated axons are surrounded by:

A

Myelin sheath

Lemmocyte cytoplasm

28
Q

…………. Are thin and blend with lemmocyte cytoplasm

A

Non myelinated fibers

29
Q

3 things that are evident in looking at non myelinated fibers

A

High density of lemmocyte nuclei
Wavy pattern of nerve fibers
Connective tissue sheaths

30
Q

Spinal cord features (4)

A

Central canal
Gray matter
White matter
Spinal roots and meninges

31
Q

The central canal of the spinal cord is lined by

A

Ependymal cells

32
Q

Projections of gray matter

A

Dorsal, ventral, and intermediate horns

33
Q

Ventral horn neurons

A

Motor neurons

34
Q

Dorsal horn neurons

A

Sensory

35
Q

Multipolar neurons have: 3 things

A

Leptochromatic nucleus
Prominent Nucleolus
Nissl substance (RER)

36
Q

Meninges surround

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Roots of peripheral nerves

37
Q

layers of meninges

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater

38
Q

Subarachnoid space contains

A

Lined by flat fibrocytes and contains cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

Spinal ganglion neurons are

A

Unipolar

40
Q

Unipolar cell bodies are found in …….. And in ganglia on the roots of ……..

A 
Spinal ganglia (on dorsal roots)
Cranial nerves
41
Q

Multipolar neurons (…….) are found in ……

A

Postganglionic autonomic neurons

Autonomic ganglia

42
Q

Preganglionic autonomic neurons synapse on the postglanglionic neurons within ……

A

Autonomic ganglia

43
Q

Perikarya of unipolar neurons are :

A

Large
Leptochromatic nucleus
Prominent Nucleolus
Nissl substance is fine and evenly dispersed

44
Q

Individual perikarya are enclosed by a capsule of

A

Satellite cells (lemmocytes)

45
Q

Receptors are

A

Sensory endings of peripheral branches of afferent (GSA & GVA) axons

46
Q

Receptors function to

A

Convert environmental energy into nerve conduction signals

47
Q

Morphologically some receptors are (2)

A

Free nerve endings

Or

Encapsulated by cells derived from lemmocytes and perineural epithelium

48
Q

Pacinian corpuscle (aka….) consists of

A

Lamellar corpuscle

Large axon surrounded by concentric layers of flattened cells

Innermost cells are lemmocytes
Outer are perineural epithelium

49
Q

Pacinian corpuscle responds to

A

Mechanical stimulation, particularly transient stimuli (vibration vs steady pressure)

Neurobiology (13 decks)

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