Lab 1 terms

Question 1

abaxial=

Answer 1

facing away from the stem of a plant (in particular the lower surface of a leaf)

Question 2

acaulescent=

Answer 2

has no stem (appears to have none)

Question 3

Accessory buds=

Answer 3

a bud growing near and in addition to a normal axillary bud

Question 4

adaxial=

Answer 4

the side of an organ facing towards the axis
ie. morphologically upper surface of a leaf

• opposite of abaxial and same as dorsal

Question 5

adventitious buds

Answer 5

the formation of a plant organ in an unusual place
- bud arises in not a normal position
- lacks a vascular trace

Question 6

adventitious roots

Answer 6

roots thar form from any non-root tissue
- produced during normal development or in response to flooding, etc (stress)

Question 7

alternate-leafed plants

Answer 7

the leaves are single at each node and borne along the stem alternately in an ascending spiral

Question 8

arborescent=

Answer 8

resembling a tree in growth or appearance

eg. arborescent ferns = would look like trees

Question 9

inflorescence=

Answer 9

the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers

the process of flowering

Question 10

axillary inflorescence=

Answer 10

an inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil

Question 11

blade=

Answer 11

the leaf of a plant, especially grass

= the flat or expanded portion of a leaf

Question 12

bract=

Answer 12

a modified or specialized leaf
- associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale

Question 13

bud=

Answer 13

small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a vascular plant that may develop into a flower, leaf, or shoot

Question 14

buds arise from ____ tissue

Answer 14

meristem

Question 15

caulescent

Answer 15

having a well-developed stem above ground; with a trunk

Question 16

cladode

Answer 16

shoot systems in which leaves do not develop; rather, the stems become flattened and assume the photosynthetic functions of a plant

Question 17

cladophyll

Answer 17

a flattened, leaf-like photosynthetic stem not bearing leaves or scales

Question 18

T/F
cladode = cladophyll

give an example

Answer 18

true

asparagus

Question 19

crown=

Answer 19

the total of an individual’s plant parts above ground

• leaves, stems, reproductive structures

Question 20

decumbent

Answer 20

(of stems, branches)

= lying or trailing on the ground with the extremity tending to ascend

Question 21

determinate

Answer 21

Determinant plants have a growth pattern where the main stem ends in a flower cluster, and once this cluster has produced fruit, the plant stops growing.

Question 22

distal=

Answer 22

positioned at the end away from the point of attachment

Question 23

frutescent

Answer 23

having the appearance of a shrub
(shrubby/ shrublike)

Question 24

herbaceous plants

Answer 24

plants with flexible, green stems with few or no woody parts

Question 25

indeterminate growth=

Answer 25

growth that is not terminated (in contrast to determinate growth) - eg vines

Question 26

lateral buds

Answer 26

ie axillary bud = an embryonic or organogenic shoot located in the axil of a leaf

Question 27

axil of a leaf=

Answer 27

the angle between a branch of leaf and the axis from which it arises

Question 28

leaf scar=

Answer 28

the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig - marks the site where the petiole attached to the stem - typically found below a branch

Question 29

leaflet=

Answer 29

a leaf-like part of a compound leaf - resembles an entire leaf, but is not borne on a main plant stem, but on a petiole or a branch of the leaf

Question 30

lenticel=

Answer 30

a porous tissue comprising cells with huge intercellular spaces - gases are exchanged!

Question 31

monopodium

Answer 31

the main axis of growth (eg stem/ trunk of a tree)

Question 32

opposite- leaved plants

Answer 32

the leaves are paired at a node and borne opposite to each other

Question 33

whorled leaves=

Answer 33

when there are three or more equally spaced leaves at a node

Question 34

petiole

Answer 34

the stalk at the base of the leaf blade, attaching and supporting the leaf blade to the stem

Question 35

plagiotropic

Answer 35

= growing at an oblique or almost horizontal angle

Question 36

prickle=

Answer 36

a hard, pointed outgrowth from the surface of a plant, involving several layers of cells but not containing a vein - outgrowth of the epidermis - roses have prickles

Question 37

prostrate

Answer 37

= a woody plant with branches spreading along the ground of lying flat on the ground or spreading along the ground for most of its length but with tips turning upwards

Question 38

proximal

Answer 38

near to the place of attachment opposite of distal

Question 39

pulvinus

Answer 39

a swollen leaf base composed of tissues that conduct water surrounded by a layer of motor cells - bends when pressure is applied

Question 40

rachis

Answer 40

a stem of a plant, especially a grass, bearing flower stalks at short intervals

Question 41

reticulate

Answer 41

net-like formation of veins, fibers, or lines that crosses something eg. a reticulate lead could have a pattern of veins that resembles a net

Question 42

rosette

Answer 42

a circular arrangement of leaves (or structures resembling leaves) - usually sit near the soil in flowering plants

Question 43

runner

Answer 43

ie stolon a slender stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to roots and vertical branches at nodes

Question 44

spine

Answer 44

= a firm, slender, sharp-pointed structure, representing a modified leaf or stipule

Question 45

stipules=

Answer 45

a pair of small, leaf-like appendages borne at the base of the petiole in many plants

Question 46

stolon

Answer 46

same as runner

Question 47

striate

Answer 47

a fine line, ridge, groove, or streaks of color (striations)

Question 48

sympodium

Answer 48

ie sympode or pseudaxis the primary shoot, comprising the stronger branches, formed during sympodial growth branching along stems or hyphae

Question 49

tendril=

Answer 49

a plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems - may be modified leaves, leaflets, or leaf stipules derived as modified stem branches

Question 50

tessellate

Answer 50

a checkered pattern on a flower petal, tree bark, fruit, etc

Question 51

virgate

Answer 51

plants with wand-shaped erect branches or stems ie long, slender twigs (produces many weak branches)