lab 1 using your microscope Flashcards
compound bright field microscope
- two sets of lenses to help magnify the specimen
- oculars
- objectives
- bright-field means specimen will appear on a light background
- often need to stain in order to view them using bright field illumination
phase contrast microscope
- contains a special condenser to increase the contrast bw a specimen and the background
- allows you to observe live unstained specimens and is particularly useful for observing motel organisms and endospores
electron microscopes
- used to examine cells and viruses at very high magnifications
- an electron beam has a much shorter wavelength than visible light, and this allows for a much higher resolution
- over 100,000X magnification
magnification
degree to which the size of an image is larger than the image itself
resolution
degree to which it is possible to distinguish bw 2 objects that are very close
oculars
- 10X
- binocular -has 2 oculars
objectives
3 objectives attached to a nosepiece 10X, 40X, 100X -used to magnify your specimen -100X has black ring around it and needs immersion oil -40X and 100X are par-focal
parfocal
the objectives have been configued to have the same focal point as each other
condenser
- controls the amount of light passing through your specimen
- focuses the light into a concentrated beam
- moves up and down
- should be as close to the stage as possible for best illumination
iris diaphragm
- slides left to right
- to increase contrast close diaphragm
- to observe colours, open diaphragm, more light
- controls the beam of light passing through the condenser
how do you define the term microorganism
most microorganisms have limited differentiation
total magnification
ocular magnification X objective magnification = total magnification
when you want to see any coloured specimen
the iris diaphragm should be in the fully open position
immersion oil
100X objective
- immersion oil has the same refractive index as glass, which makes sure that the light passing through the specimen enters the objective and is not refracted away
- prevent the light from bending and thus increase the amount of light that enters into the objective
- more light-better resolution
- connecting your lens to your specimen with liquid glass
bacteria- prokaryote
mixed true bacteria,
anabaena