Lab 10

Question 1

The body of the mink is divided into two main compartments by what structure?

Answer 1

diaphragm (unique to mammals)

Question 2

How was the diaphragm formed?

Answer 2

invasion of muscle cells into the fused transverse and pleuriperitoneal septa

Question 3

What are the two main compartments of the body of the mink (cavities)?

Answer 3

thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart

peritoneal cavity has the rest of viscera

Question 4

The lungs are contained within what?

Answer 4

pleural cavities

Question 5

The heart is contained within what?

Answer 5

pericardial sac

Question 6

What is the space between the lungs called?

Answer 6

mediastinum

Question 7

What is the glottis?

Answer 7

opening to the trachea

Question 8

What are the eustachian tubes?

Answer 8

connect the ear with pharynx

Question 9

What covers the tongue?

Answer 9

papillae (taste buds) which gives it a rough surface

Question 10

What is falciform ligament?

Answer 10

connects liver to body wall

Question 11

What is the omental bursa?

Answer 11

fat storage and immune function to limit spread of infection

Question 12

How is the gall bladder connected to the duodenum?

Answer 12

cystic duct

Question 13

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 13

controls the rate at which the stomach empties

Question 14

What is the function of the muscular valves at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, duodenum and stomach?

Answer 14

controls flow of food during digestion

Question 15

What is the function of the folding of the walls of the esophagus, the rugae of the stomach wall and the papillae of the inner surface of the duodenum?

Answer 15

allows for expansion of the structure, increases surface area

Question 16

What is mesentery?

Answer 16

membrane that suspends the small intestine and is infiltrated by mesenteric vessels

Question 17

In mammals, which have the larger spleen? Carnivores or herbivores?

Answer 17

carnivores

Question 18

How is the spleen attached to the stomach?

Answer 18

gastrosplenic ligament

Question 19

Why might the spleen be larger for carnivores than herbivores?

Answer 19

larger for immune response

Question 20

What is the functioning unit of the kidney?

Answer 20

nephron (thousands of them)

Question 21

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

Answer 21

glomerulus

Question 22

What empties into the renal hilus of the kidney?

Answer 22

collecting ducts

Question 23

Where is the glomerulus located in the kidney?

Answer 23

in the cortex

Question 24

The tube of the nephron forms a U-shaped structure called _____which passes into and out of medulla.

Answer 24

Loop of Henle

Question 25

What structure empties the bladder?

Answer 25

urethra

Question 26

What is the difference between the male and female mink with their excretory systems?

Answer 26

female: ureter passes alongside dorsal aorta to bladder male: ureter passes dorsal to ach of vas defferens just before it enters the urethra

Question 27

What are the different parts of the kidney?

Answer 27

medulla (inside) and cortex (exterior)

Question 28

The ovarian bursa encloses which structures of the female mink?What is its function?

Answer 28

- ovaries and fallopian tubes | - prevents ova from escaping onto coelom

Question 29

The fallopian tube is homologous to what structure?

Answer 29

oviduct

Question 30

How is the uterus divided in the mink?

Answer 30

into two uterine horns

Question 31

Carnivores have what kind of uterus?

Answer 31

bipartite uterus: uterine horns unite cranial to the vagina to make a common opening at the orifice of vagina

Question 32

What structures are contained in the cremasteric pouch?

Answer 32

testis and associated ducts

Question 33

Where is the cremasteric pouch suspended?

Answer 33

in the scrotum

Question 34

What is the point where the spermatic cord passes through the body wall called?

Answer 34

inguinal canal

Question 35

Why are the testes external?

Answer 35

sperm production increases at cooler temperature and more efficient

Question 36

Where are sperm stored and then transported?

Answer 36

stored in epipdymis and transported from testis via epipdymis and vas deferens to urethra then through penis

Question 37

What is the distal end of the penis called?

Answer 37

glans penis

Question 38

The trachea splits into what structures?

Answer 38

bronchi

Question 39

How many lobes does the lungs of the mink have?

Answer 39

3 on the right 2 on the left 1 dorsal to heart

Question 40

The azygous vein on the dorsal surface of the heart receives blood from?

Answer 40

intercostal veins

Question 41

Which large vein drains the pelvic region, body wall and urogenital system en route to the ventricle?

Answer 41

postcaval vein

Question 42

The short subclavian vein once through the body wall is called? What does it drain?

Answer 42

axillary vein | pectoral girdle

Question 43

The aortic arch gives rise to?

Answer 43

brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery

Question 44

The dorsal aorta gives rise to?

Answer 44

paired intercostal arteries and small diaphragmatic artery

Question 45

The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to?

Answer 45

left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery

Question 46

What is the role of the hepatic portal system?

Answer 46

delivers nutrient rich blood to the capillary beds of the liver

Question 47

Which veins drain the kidney?

Answer 47

renal veins

Question 48

The postcaval vein collects blood from where before passing into the thoracic cavity?

Answer 48

hepatic portal system

Question 49

What drains the liver?

Answer 49

hepatic veins which empty into the postcaval vein

Question 50

In females, the left and right ovarian veins empty into?

Answer 50

left ovarian vein empties into renal veins | right ovarian vein empties into postcaval vein

Question 51

What does the coeliac artery split into?

Answer 51

- short splenic artery that sends branches to spleen and pancreas - gastric artery goes to stomach

Question 52

The caudal mesenteric artery goes to which organ?

Answer 52

colon

Question 53

Renal arteries branch to the _______ dorsal to the renal veins.

Answer 53

kidneys

Question 54

Where does the iliolumbar arteries lead to?

Answer 54

follow iliolumbar veins to body wall

Question 55

The dorsal aorta branches off into which structures in arterial circulation?

Answer 55

external iliac artery (to hind limb as deep femoral artery) | ovarian arteries

Question 56

What two structures empty into the right atrium?

Answer 56

postcaval and precaval veins

Question 57

The pulmonary trunk splits off into?

Answer 57

pair of pulmonary arteries

Question 58

What enters the left atrium?

Answer 58

several pulmonary veins

Question 59

What is the major difference between the left and right ventricles?

Answer 59

left pumps oxygenated blood into the aortic arch, is more muscular and thicker walled

Question 60

What kind of specialization for herbivory do rabbits have for their digestive system?

Answer 60

are hindgut fermenters, cecum may have up to ten times the capacity of the stomach

Question 61

The cecum of many herbivores has a spiral valve. What is the cecum's and valve's function?

Answer 61

absorbs fluids and salts after digestion, increases surface area for better absorption

Question 62

What is the role of the placenta? What allows for this exchange to occur?

Answer 62

- provides the embryo with nutrients and oxygen and removers respiratory/nitrogenous waste - fetal and maternal blood come close enough together for it to occur

Question 63

How does blood rich in oxygen and nutrients enter the embryo?

Answer 63

through the umbilical vein into caudal vena cava (postcaval)

Question 64

How is blood rich in oxygen and nutrients distributed in the embryo?

Answer 64

blood bypasses lungs and passes to left side of heart and distributed by aorta to heart and body

Question 65

True or false? During fetal life, lungs are not well developed and not filled with air.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Some mixing between umbilical blood and low oxygen blood occurs within aorta of embryo. How is this mixed blood distributed to the rest of the body?

Answer 66

umbilical arteries to placenta

Question 67

True or false? There is mixing of maternal and fetal blood in the placenta.

Answer 67

False. no mixing

Question 68

The presence of a belly button is associated with which chordate infraclass?

Answer 68

Eutheria

Question 69

Where is the vermiform appendix located?

Answer 69

at end of intestines

Question 70

What is a behaviour commonly seen in rabbits regarding their excretory system?

Answer 70

eat their own fecal pellets to extract calories from them

Question 71

Venous blood from the digestive tract enters the liver via?

Answer 71

hepatic portal vein

Question 72

Blood exits the liver via?

Answer 72

hepatic vein

Question 73

Where does the costocervical drain?

Answer 73

into precaval

Question 74

What is the ureter?

Answer 74

tube that comes out of the kidney

Question 75

The urinary bladder of mammals have what that turtles don't have?

Answer 75

has muscle to control where and when to urinate mark territory turtles have a thin wall and way less muscular

Question 76

The postcaval vein drains?

Answer 76

pelvic region and body wall

Question 77

The postcaval and precaval veins empty into?

Answer 77

right atrium

Question 78

What is the function of the spleen? Which has a larger spleen, carnivores or herbivores?

Answer 78

for blood storage, red blood cell formation, immune cell production carnivores have larger for immune response

Question 79

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 79

keeps food from going into trachea

Question 80

Which has a larger masseter, the mink or rabbit?

Answer 80

larger in rabbit due to mastication (herbivory)

Question 81

Which has a larger pectoralis, the mink or rabbit?

Answer 81

small in forelimb of the rabbit since they use mostly their back legs for movement, mink uses front legs a lot for locomotion

Question 82

What is the role of the sternohyoideus?

Answer 82

retracts the hyoid

Question 83

What is the role of the longus colli?

Answer 83

flexor of the neck

Question 84

What is the role of rectus thoracis? Originates?

Answer 84

retracts ribs during expiration, originates on sternum

Question 85

What is the role of scalenus?

Answer 85

pulls ribs cranially during inspiration

Question 86

What is the role of cleidomastoideus?

Answer 86

rotates or depresses head

Question 87

What is the role of subscapularis?

Answer 87

adducts humerus

Question 88

Which muscle acts with pectoralis to suspend the body with pectoral girdle? What shape is this muscle?

Answer 88

serratus ventralis, fan-shaped

Question 89

Which cavity holds the lungs?

Answer 89

pleural cavity

Question 90

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 90

cavity with intestines

Question 91

What is the role of omental bursa?

Answer 91

storage of fat

Question 92

How is the uterus of the mink divided?

Answer 92

into two horns

Question 93

How is the mink circulatory system different than that of the turtle?

Answer 93

only mink has an axillary artery and vein | mink has one aortic arch and the turtle has two

Question 94

Match. Aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, postcaval vein, costocervical vein, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery receives blood from renal vein, gives rise to the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery, gives rise to the carotid artery, arises from the aortic arch, drains into precaval vein, arterial vessel arises from left ventricle

Answer 94

Aortic arch-arterial vessel arises from left ventricle brachiocephalic trunk-gives rise to the carotid artery postcaval vein-receives blood from renal vein costocervical vein-drains into precaval vein left common carotid artery-gives rise to the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery left subclavian artery-arises from the aortic arch

Question 95

What do the eustachian tubes connect?

Answer 95

connect the ear to the pharynx