Lab 11 Flashcards
(26 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the Urinary System
A
- eliminate nitrogenous wastes and excess ions
- maintain water and salt balance (osmoregualtion)
2
Q
Kidney Anatomy
A
- bean-shaped organs
- located retroperitoneally and protected by the floating ribs
3
Q
Kidney Structure
A
- Renal capsule: outer layer
- Renal cortex: light-colored and deep to renal capsule
- Renal medulla: deep to cortex and contains the renal pyramids
- Renal columns: projections of renal cortex into renal medulla
- Ureter and blood vessels enter and exit kidney at the hilum at the medial border
4
Q
Nephron
A
- smallest functional unit of the kidney
- site of filtration, secretion, and absorption
- millions of nephrons per each renal pyramid
5
Q
Urine Drainage
A
- drains from nephrons at renal papilla into minor calyx
- two or more minor calices drain into a major calyx
- major calices merge into renal pelvis
- urine in renal pelvis drains into ureters
6
Q
Ureter
A
- Urine exits kidneys via ureters
- go from kidney to urinary bladder
- urine is transported via peristaltic waves (smooth muscle in ureter wall)
7
Q
Urinary Bladder
A
- muscular sac that stores and expels urine
- lies on pelvic floor posterior to pubic symphysis
- stretches as bladder fills
- detrusor muscle (smooth muscle): contractions squeeze urine from bladder
8
Q
Urethra
A
- tube lined with smooth muscle and mucosa: drains urine from bladder
- thickening of detrusor muscle forms internal urethral sphincter at bladder: urethra junction (involuntary)
- external urethral sphincter surrounds urethra with skeletal muscle sheet, inhibits urine (voluntary)
- male urethra is longer than female, also carries semen
9
Q
Reproductive terminology
A
- primary sex organ: gonads
- Product: gametes
- Primary male gonads: testes
- product: semen
- primary female gonads: ovaries
- product: eggs
- overall function of reproductive sys: produce offspring
10
Q
External Genitalia
A
Male
- penis and scrotum
Female
- vulva (mons pubis, labia, clitoris, structures associated with vestibule)
11
Q
Erectile Tissue
A
Male
- corpus spongiosum: contributes to bulb of penis, also surrounds spongy urethra
- Corpora cavernosa: contribute to the crura of the penis
Female
- bulb of vestibule: deep to labia majora
- Corpora cavernosa: crura and body of the clitoris
12
Q
Muscles of Erectile Tissues
A
Male only
- bulbospongiosus muscle: covers corpus spongiosum, aids in ejaculation
Male and Female
- Ischiocavernosus muscle: covers corpus cavernosum
13
Q
Ovaries
A
- ovaries are lateral to the uterus
- ovarian artery and vein pass through suspensory ligament to ovary
- approximately large almond sized
14
Q
Uterine tube
A
- fallopian tubes or oviducts
- oviducts begin at the infundibulum (receives the egg) and end at the uterus
- Ciliated fimbriae surround infundibulum and help egg to pass into oviduct
- medial to infundibulum is expansion called the ampulla
15
Q
Ovulation
A
- ovulated egg is released into peritoneal (abdominal) cavity, close to but NOT directly into infundibulum
- once egg is in uterine tube, cilia and smooth muscle assists movement towards uterus
16
Q
Uterus
A
- main portion is body, rounded top is fundus
- narrow region inferior to body is isthmus
- neck of uterus is cervix - holds uterus closed during pregnancy
- inferior to cervix is the vagina
- bound by two pouches of peritoneum
17
Q
Uterine Layers
A
Perimetrium
- outer serous membrane
Myometrium
- smooth muscle layer - pushes fetus out during birth
Endometrium
- lining of uterus
- composed of simple columnar epithelium, cilia, and secretory cells
- nourish fetus during development or is shed during menstruation
18
Q
Vagina
A
- thin-walled tube, inferior to uterus, anterior to rectum, posterior to urethra and bladder
- inner wall (mucosa) composed of elastic fibers and stratified squamous epithelium
- highly distensible to receive penis or allow fetus to pass through
19
Q
Mammary glands
A
- walls of alveoli are cuboidal epithelial tissue that secrete milk
- milk is secreted into larger and larger ducts - eventually reached the lactiferous ducts at the nipple
- enlarged region where milk accumulated during nursing is lactiferous sinus
- duct development and breast enlargement happen at puberty
20
Q
Pregnancy
A
- expansion of the uterus compresses mother’s pelvic and abdominal organs
- transient organ, the placenta, develops as connection point between mother and fetus
- umbilical cord contains umbilical artery and vein, allowing for oxygen and nutrient exchange
21
Q
Penis
A
- delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
- root of the penis is the base - where it attaches to the pelvis (bulb and crura)
- body is the free portion (corpus spongiosum and cavernosum)
- glans penis is the enlarged end made of corpus spongiosum
- skin covering penis is loose where it extends around the glans is prepuce (foreskin)
22
Q
Sagittal section - male pelvis
A
- testes produce sperm
- sperm travel through the: epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
- additional fluid is added on the path by: seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
23
Q
testes, scrotum, and spermatic cord
A
- testes are housed in the scrotum
- cremaster muscle elevates or relaxes the testes to maintain optimal temperature for sperm development
- spermatic cord contains: ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, and testicular artery
24
Q
Epididymis
A
- site for sperm maturation and storage: protein secretions nourish sperm and help maturation
- ejaculation: smooth muscle in walls of epididymis contract, expel sperm into ductus deferens
25
Ductus deferns
- transport sperm during ejaculation
- joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct, then passes through prostate and into urethra
- secretions from seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral glands and sperm cells = semen
26
Inguinal canal
- testes descend from abdomen to scrotum through inguinal canal
- spermatic cord and round ligament travel through the canal and exit via superficial inguinal ring
- contents enter or exit the abdominal cavity through the deep inguinal ring
