lab 12 Flashcards
(36 cards)
function of blood
transports and removes substances from the body tissues
- transport media for O2, CO2, nutrients hormones and wastes
what are the 5 main types of vessels blood travels in
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins
define cardiovascular system
refers only to the heart and blood vessels
about blood
- special type of connective tissue
- contains cells, ground substance and protein fibers
purpose for circulating blood
-helps maintain homeostasis by regulating pH, adjusting body temp and maintaining osmotic pressure of cells
what is the average volume of blood?
for adult men, adult volume of blood is 5-6L.
for women, adult volume of blood is 4-5L
what are the 2 components of blood?
- formed elements (cells and fragments) ex) RBC, WBC, plateletes
- plasma
about RBC (erythrocytes)
male: 4.7-6.1 million/mm3
females: 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
contain the oxygen carrying pigment called hemoglobin
non-nucleated
lots of RBC
about WBC (leukocytes)
they contain a nucleus, less of them..
2 major groups:
1) granulocytes- large number of granules (neutrophils, eusinophils and basophils)
2) agranulocytes- no grannules (lymphocytes and monocytes)
about neutrophils
-make 50-70% of leukocyte population
-phagocytic function in the destruction of pathogenic organisms and other foreign material
size 10-12 um
(type of granuloyte)
about eosinophils
-make 2-4% of leukocyte population
-10-12 um
-play a role in the response of allergic reactions
-defense against multicellular parasites
(type of granulocyte)
basinophils
form 0.5-1% of leukocyte population
- inlvolved in allergic responses releasing heparin and histamine to enhance the inflammatory response
-8-10 um
(type of granulocyte)
lymphocytes
most numerous of the agranular leukocytes forming 25-40% of leukocyte population
-produce antibodies and other agents involved in the immune process
monocytes
largest of WBC
compose 3-8% leukocyte population
18 um
-phagocytic function, and have pseudopodia
about plateletes
150,000 to 400,000 mm3
- disc shaped
- 2-4 um
- help stop blood loss from damaged vessels by forming a platelet plug and promotes blood clotting
what is leukemia
refers to a group of cancerous conditions characterized by an uncontrollable proliferation of leukocytes
-in all leukemias, bone marrow is occupied by cancerous leukocytes so other cell types are not formed
what condition has a high neutrophil percentage
high neutrophil percentage can indicate bacterial infections or poisons
- a low neutrophil percentage may be caused by a toxic reaction to certain drugs
define hemocrit
the percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC
- this value is 45%
- for males, the value is 42-52%
- for females, 37-47%
normal hemoglobin amounts
- hemoglobin concentration at birth ranges from 14-20 grams/100 ml of blood
- females: 12-16 g/100ml
- males: 13-18 g/100ml
hemoglobinometer
instrument which compares a hemolyzed sample of blood with a colour standard by moving a slide on the side of the hemoglobinometer back and fourth until the 2 halves of the green field match
what does the term RH positive mean?
something will be RH positive if agglutination occurs in here. This means that there is a presence of antigen D.
define anemia
decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood
- hematocrit and hemoglobin evaluations are the most important tests for diagnosing anemia
define polycythemia
condition characterized by an above normal RBC count
- due to living in high altitudes
hemacytometer
used to count RBC and WBC
-on the 4 corner squares with “w”s, count the WBC
in the middle square with the “R’s in all corners plus middle part, count RBC
