Lab

Question 1

Glycosuria

Answer 1

presense of glucose
- glucose exceed the threshold for reabsorbption.
- excess remains in the filtrate and is excreted in urine

Question 2

Protienuria

Answer 2

presense of protien
- most plasma are too large to be forced out of the glomeruli, and the small protiens that enter the filtrate are reabsorbed by the pinocytosis.
- the glomeruli have become too permeable –> kidney disease/damage

Question 3

Hematuria

Answer 3

presense of blood-RBCs
- glomeruli have become to pereable
- or bleeding somewhere in the urinary tract
- pinpointing the site of bleeding would require specific diagnostic tests

Question 4

Bacteriuria

Answer 4

(presence of bacteria)
- cloudy urine
- WBC could be present also.
- infection somewhere in the urinary tract
- more diagnostic tests to determine the persice location

Question 5

ketonuria

Answer 5

presence of ketones
- formed from fats and protiens that are used for energy production
- higher levels of ketones means increased use of fats and protiens for energy
- malfunctioning carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes)

Question 6

Kidney stones

Answer 6

• salt crystals
• higher concentration of salts trigger precipitation of the salt and formation of crystals
• most common is calcium stalts