lab 2

Question 1

Process

Answer 1

sharp quasi finger-like projection away from the main part of the bone

Question 2

spinous process/spine

Answer 2

the prominent posterior projection of a vertebra; formed by the fusion of two laminae

Question 3

alveolar process

Answer 3

also called alveolar bone, is the thick ridge of the bone which contains the tooth sockets

Question 4

tuberosity

Answer 4

a large roughened elevation on a bony surface

Question 5

articulation

Answer 5

a joint (two bones together)

Question 6

condyle

Answer 6

a rounded articular projection on the surface of a bone

Question 7

head

Answer 7

above the neck (round structure)

Question 8

shaft/ diaphysis

Answer 8

the shaft of the long bone

Question 9

neck

Answer 9

connects head to the rest of the body

Question 10

facet

Answer 10

flat smooth surface

Question 11

fossa

Answer 11

a shallow depression or furrow in the surface of the bone

Question 12

sulcus

Answer 12

a groove or furrow

Question 13

fontanelle

Answer 13

a relative soft flexible fibrous region between two flat bones in the developing skull; also spelled fontanel

Question 14

suture

Answer 14

a fibrous joint between flat bones of the skull

Question 15

foramen

Answer 15

opening; passage; through the bones

Question 16

ligament

Answer 16

a dense bond of connective tissue fibers that attaches one bone to another

Question 17

tendon

Answer 17

a collagenous bond that connects a skeletal muscle to an element of the skeleton

Question 18

aponeurosis

Answer 18

broad tendinous sheets that may serve as the origin or insertion of a skeletal muscle

Question 19

origin

Answer 19

in a skeletal muscle, the point of attachment that does not change position when the muscle contracts; usually defined in terms of movement from the anatomical position

Question 20

insertion

Answer 20

a point of attachment of a muscle ; the end that is easily movable

Question 21

action

Answer 21

what happens when more mobile bones is brought towards more

Question 22

Agonist/Prime mover

Answer 22

A muscle responsible for a specific movement; also called a prime mover

Question 23

Antagonist

Answer 23

A muscle that opposes the movement of an agonist

Question 24

Synergist

Answer 24

A muscle that assists a prime mover in performing its primary action

Question 25

Synovial Joint

Answer 25

a freely moveable joint where the opposing bone surfaces are separated by synovial fluid; a diarthrosis

Question 26

Extension

Answer 26

an increase in the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of flexion.

Question 27

Flexion

Answer 27

a movement that decreases the angle between to articulating bones; opposite of extension.

Question 28

Hyperextension

Answer 28

extension of a body part past the anatomical position.

Question 29

Abduction

Answer 29

movement away from the midline of the of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position.

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

movement towards the midline or axis of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position.

Question 31

Circumduction

Answer 31

a movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft does not rotate.

Question 32

Lateral Rotation

Answer 32

an anatomical term of motion describing rotation along the long axis of the joint.

Question 33

Medial rotation

Answer 33

the movement of a limb or muscle group towards the center of the body.

Question 34

Elevation

Answer 34

movement in a superior, or upward, direction.

Question 35

Depression

Answer 35

inferior (downward) movement of a body part.

Question 36

Supination

Answer 36

the rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces anteriorly.

Question 37

Pronation

Answer 37

the rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly.

Question 38

Dorsiflexion

Answer 38

upward movement of the foot through flexion at the ankle.

Question 39

Inversion

Answer 39

a turning inward

Question 40

Eversion

Answer 40

a turning outward

Question 41

Plantar flexion

Answer 41

ankle extension, toe pointing.

Question 42

1a. The smooth rounded projection on the proximal end of this arm is usually covered in hyaline cartilage and makes up part of the shoulder ball-in-socket- joint. It is separated from the diaphysis of the bone by a slightly narrowed region. This rounded portion labeled A is referred to as the ___

Answer 42

Head

Question 43

1b. The narrow region labeled D immediately distal to the head of the humerus is referred to as the ___.

Answer 43

Neck

Question 44

1c. The narrow, middle portion of this long bone labeled E is called the ___ or the ___.

Answer 44

Shaft, diaphysis

Question 45

1d. The smooth rounded bony landmark labeled B at the distal end of the bone that articulates with the bones of the lower arm to form the hinge joint we know as the elbow is called a ___.

Answer 45

Condyle

Question 46

1e. Two prominent rounded projection on the medial and lateral sides at the distal end of the humerus are located just above the condyle. The prefix "epi" means upon. If you put the prefix, epi, together with the name of the body landmark, you get the name of these rounded structures. These structures are called ___.

Answer 46

epi condyle

Question 47

1f. Look at the orientation of this humerus and determine which of these structures from c and above is closest to the midline (medial) and which is further from the midline (lateral). The structure labeled C2 specifically designates the ___ ___. You can feel this structure as well by touching the medial aspect of your elbow. Try it!

Answer 47

numeral process

Question 48

2a. Notice the hooked shaped process labeled A in the olecranal region. This bony landmark is called the olecranon. When the arm is extended, the olecranon fits into the shallow depression labeled B on the humerus. This bony landmark is called the olecranon ___.

Answer 48

fossa

Question 49

2b. The long narrow middle portion of this bone is called the ___.

Answer 49

shaft

Question 50

2c. The narrow groove labeled E that is between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus provides a passageway for one of the biceps tendons and is the insertion site of a few muscles. This groove is called the intertubercular ___.

Answer 50

sulcus

Question 51

3a. Bony projections such as those labled A,B,C,G,H, and I belong to a broad category of bony landmarks referred to as the ___.

Answer 51

Processes

Question 52

3b. The processes labeled A and I are specifically referred to as ___ processes.

Answer 52

spinous

Question 53

3c. The flat, smooth articular surfaces labeled E and F are referred to as ___.

Answer 53

facet