LAB 2 THE CELL

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The building block of the body/organism

Cell Facts:
-All organisms are composed of cells
-responsible for structural and functional properties of all organism

Question 2

what are the three (3) main structures/organelles of the cell?

Answer 2

1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus

Question 3

what is the Plasma (cell) membrane?

Answer 3

Surrounds cell - controls movement of what goes in & out

-Made of proteins and lipids
-every cell has a membrane

Question 4

TRUE or FALSE
the cell membrane is made up of 2% protein and 98% lipids?

Answer 4

TRUE

-98% of membrane molecules are lipids
-protein is the outter area and lipids is the inner most area

Question 5

75% of lipids are phospholipids

Explain the structure of phospholipids?

Answer 5

“Amphipatic”

_Hydrophilic head (face water - intra and extra fluids)
_Hydrophobic tail (center - avoid water)

Question 6

What is ‘Microvilli’, its function and where can it be found?

Answer 6

Tiny extention of membrane

Function: Absorption
increase surface area (more surface area, more diffusion/absorption)

Location:
Small intestins, kidney

Note - appears as fringe ‘brush/bristles border”

Question 7

What is ‘Flagella’?

It’s function and location?

Answer 7

Tail of a sperm & bacteria cell - whip-like structure

Function:
-Movement of the cell
(swims/propels - snake like movement)

Note: Much longer than cilia

Question 8

What is the ‘Cytoskeleton’?

Answer 8

Maintain cell shape - support structure - Directs cell movement

Question 9

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

1. Microfilaments - 6nm thick – Smallest
2. Intermediate fibers - 8-10nm thick
3. Microtubules - 25nm thick

Question 10

List the properties of ‘Microfilaments’?

Answer 10

-Its the smallest - 6nm thick
-Made of actin protein
-forms terminal web

Question 11

List the properties of ‘Intermediate filaments’?

Answer 11

• 8 to 10nm thick
  -made of Keratin
• Gives cell shape, resist stress

Question 12

List the properties of ‘Microtubules’?

Answer 12

• The biggest - 25nm thick
• Made of protein tubulin
• Support cell structure

Question 13

What are Organelles?

Answer 13

Internal structure of a cell - have specific task

Question 14

Name the two types of Organelles?

Answer 14

1. Membranous Organelles
2. Nonmembranous Organelles

Question 15

List 3 Membranous Organelles?

Answer 15

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi complex

Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

List 3 Nonmembranous Organelles?
(R-C-C)

Answer 16

R-C-C
Ribosomes, Centrosomes, Centrioles

Question 17

What is the ‘Nucleus’?

Answer 17

Controles protein production - The largest Organelle

-Contains DNA and protein

Question 18

What is the ‘Nucleoplasm’?

Answer 18

Substance inside the Nucleus
- Maintains shape of the Nucleus

Contains:
-Chromatin - (Thread like) composed of DNA an protein
-Nucleoli - Masses where Ribosomes are produced

Question 19

Whast is the ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum’?

Answer 19

Stores Calcium, protein synthesis, produce lipid and protein

Question 20

Name the 2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 20

1. Rough ER
2. Smooth ER

Both are attached but have seperate functions

Question 21

What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum and its functions? (RER)

Answer 21

Flat sacs covered with RIBOSOMES - Produce protien and phospholipids

• Synthesizes proteins packages in other organelles

Question 22

What is the function of the ‘Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum’ (SER)?

Answer 22

Smooth flat sac that doesn’t have ribosomes attached to it

-Synthesizes steriods and other lipids
-Calcium storage
-Detox alcohol and drugs

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE
Both SER and RER are apart of the same network but they have seperate functions?

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

1. What are ‘Ribosomes’?
2. What are the functions of Ribosomes?

Answer 24

Particles made of protein and RNA.

Location: Surface of rough ER

2. Function:
   -The site of protein synthesis

-Reads mRNA code, then uses code to assemble amino acids into protein

Question 25

What is 'Golgi Complex'?

Answer 25

System that packages protein into membrane-bound 'Golgi vesicle'.

Question 26

1. What is 'Lysosomes'? 2. What are the functions of Lysosomes?

Answer 26

Package of enzymes - Digestive system of the cell 2. Functions: - Digest only organelle OR whole cell

Question 27

Name the two main types of Lysosomes functions?

Answer 27

1. Autophagy -- Digestion of organelles 2. Autolysis -- Digestion of whole cell by itself(cell suicide)

Question 28

What is 'Peroxisomes' and its main function?

Answer 28

enzymes oxidize fatty acids -Breaks down fatty acids -Detox alcohol and drug

Question 29

What are 'Proteosomes'? what is the function of proteosomes? Where are proteosomes located?

Answer 29

Breaks down unwanted protein Function: Break down protein into amino acids Location: Huge amount in; Liver & Kidney

Question 30

What is "Mitochondria"? Functions of mitochondria?

Answer 30

Power house of cell -- Makes (ATP) energy for cell Function: Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria Has double membrane: 1.Inner membrane - Cristae 2.Outter membrane- Matrix

Question 31

What is 'Centrioles'? what is its function?

Answer 31

Made of nine microtubules (nine groups of 3) Function: Helps with cell division (in mitosis - Cause chromatins to move in opposite directions)

Question 32

Define cilia? It’s function and location?

Answer 32

Hair-like structure Function: -Remove debris/fluid, Sensory Location: Epithelial cell of: -lung -Trachea -Small Intestine