Lab

Question 0

What causes black stool?

Answer 0

Iron, high internal bleeds

Question 1

What causes red stool?

Answer 1

Blood from lower intestine in the digestive tract

Question 2

What cause maroon stool?

Answer 2

Red food, hemmorrhoids, anal fissures, cancer, ibs

Question 3

What causes green stool?

Answer 3

Food, iron, decreases transit time, meconium

Question 4

What causes pale/clay stool?

Answer 4

Lack of bile salt, post barium, enema, hep

Question 5

How much fluid should an adult intake daily?

Answer 5

1400-2000ml

Question 6

What is an ileostomy?

Answer 6

Surgical opening in ileum

Question 7

What is a colostomy?

Answer 7

Surgical opening in the colon

Question 8

What are some nursing interventions for bowel elimination?

Answer 8

Education
Medications 
Enema 
Electrolyte balancing 
Digital removal of stool
Nasogastric tube

Question 9

What are the average patterns of urination?

Answer 9

500ml per urination

5-7 per day

Question 10

Why are people with diabetes more prone to UTI’s ?

Answer 10

Higher amount of glucose in urine

Question 11

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 11

Small amount of urine with high abdominal pressure

Question 12

What is functional incontinence?

Answer 12

Because loss of function cannot get to toilet on time

Question 13

What is overflow of incontinence?

Answer 13

Over distension of the bladder

Question 14

What is total incontinence?

Answer 14

Continuous loss of urine

Question 15

What are the 3 times of urinary diversions?

Answer 15

Uretrostomy- ureters are brought to the abd surface
Nephrostomy- tube of the pelvis to provide urinary drainage
Stoma- on the surface of abdomen

Question 16

What are some nursing interventions for urine elimination?

Answer 16

Education
Urinary diary
Intake and output
Specimens testing: urinalysis, urine culture
Kegal exercises 
Catheters
Continuous bladder irrigation, self catheters 
Bladder training 
Bladder scan

Question 17

What condition is there protein present in urine?

Answer 17

renal disease

Question 18

What condition is there glucose present in urine?

Answer 18

Diabetes

Question 19

What foods irritate the bladder?

Answer 19

Tobacco
Alcohol
Caffeine 
Aspartame 
Juice or citrus
Tomatoes 
Greasy or spicy

Question 20

What are the vital signs?

Answer 20

BP
Respiratory rate
Pulse 
Oxygen saturated 
Temp

Question 21

What are the guidelines for taking effective vital signs?

Answer 21

Use correct equipment
Minimize environment factors
Consider meds and medical conditions, compare baseline measurements

Question 22

When do you take vital signs?

Answer 22

Upon admission
During home care visit
Policy of facility
Before during and after procedure or surgery
Before during and after med that alter cardiac or respiratory status
Patient condition changes
Before and after nursing interventions that alter vital signs

Question 23

What is a normal temp?

Answer 23

36c- 38c

Question 24

What is a fever or pyrexia temp?

Answer 24

Greater than 38c

Question 25

What factors effect that cause change in temp?

Answer 25

``` Age Exercise Circadian rhythm Environment Hormones ```

Question 26

What is an average infant pulse?

Answer 26

120-160bpm

Question 27

What is an average pulse of a school aged child?

Answer 27

75-100bpm

Question 28

Average pulse of an adult?

Answer 28

60-100

Question 29

What is ventilation?

Answer 29

Movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

Oxygen and carbon dioxide from air to blood

Question 31

What is perfusion?

Answer 31

Red blood cells thought capillaries to tissue

Question 32

What is eupnea?

Answer 32

Average depth of ventilation

Question 33

What is apnea?

Answer 33

Respirations stop then resume

Question 34

What is hypertension?

Answer 34

140+/90+

Question 35

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 35

Low BP when posture changes quickly

Question 36

What is religion?

Answer 36

Beliefs, doctrines, creeds Rituals, practices Communal worship

Question 37

What are the 4 spiritual needs?

Answer 37

Meaning and purpose in life Giving and receiving love Hope and creativity Meaning and suffering

Question 38

What are the two values of culture care?

Answer 38

Values of the individual first | Beliefs and practices of the culture second

Question 39

What does PIECES stand for?

Answer 39

``` Physical Intellectual Emotional Capabilities Environment Social spiritual and sexual ```

Question 40

What are the 4 tasks of grief?

Answer 40

1. Accept the reality of the loss 2. Experiences the pain of the loss 3. Adjust to the environment where the deceased is missing 4. Withdraw emotional energy from deceased and invest in new relationships and activities

Question 41

What is the leading cause of death for persons between 1-34?

Answer 41

Accidents

Question 42

What is the leading cause of death of persons 65+?

Answer 42

Falls

Question 43

Why are older adults are at risk for injury because..

Answer 43

Changes in vision, hearing, mobility, reflexes and circulation Psychological changes

Question 44

Factors to reduce the risk of SIDS?

Answer 44

Smoke free environment Breastfeed Back to sleep Safe sleep environment

Question 45

What are signs and symptoms of SIDS?

Answer 45

Vomiting seizing or unconsciousness with interrupted breathing or death

Question 46

What % of children die from SIDS?

Answer 46

19%

Question 47

What is the 1st step in addiction?

Answer 47

Primary: the addiction is a problem in and of itself; it is not a symptom of another problem

Question 48

What is the second action in addiction?

Answer 48

Chronic: it will never go away

Question 49

What is the third stage in addiction?

Answer 49

Genetic: it is influenced by genetic factors

Question 50

What is the 4th step in addiction?

Answer 50

Progression: develops and worsens over time

Question 51

What is the final step in addictions?

Answer 51

Fatal: can lead to death

Question 52

What is the addiction theory?

Answer 52

Less "feel good" chemical in the brain such as dopamine and serotonin, so substances will be abused in order to mimic those neurotransmitters receptors in the brain to obtain that same feeling.

Question 53

What is there first stage of addiction?

Answer 53

1. Prodromal phase: A. Occasional use will lead to relief use which develops into constant use Person will build a tolerance

Question 54

What is the second phase of addiction?

Answer 54

``` Crucial phase A. Impaired loss of control over use B. Rationalize use C. Denial D.attempts to quit E. Self pity and isolation ```

Question 55

What is the third phase of addictions?

Answer 55

``` Chronic phase: Longer binges Person will lower standards Withdraws when attempting to quit Emotional and spiritual bankruptcy ```

Question 56

What is recovery?

Answer 56

recovery occurs in the mind, body and spirit and recognition that addiction is a disease and that you are a good person

Question 57

What is use?

Answer 57

Use of a substance as prescribed comes with no consequences

Question 58

What is misuse?

Answer 58

Not as prescribed, such as taking meds earlier

Question 59

What is abuse?

Answer 59

Completely changing the administration of the drug. Mental obsession and withdraw symptoms

Question 60

What is addiction?

Answer 60

Continued use of behaviour despite negative life consequences

Question 61

What respiratory rate is acceptable for a newborn?

Answer 61

30-60

Question 62

What respiratory rate is acceptable for a infant?

Answer 62

30-50

Question 63

What respiratory rate is acceptable for a toddler?

Answer 63

U25-32

Question 64

What respiratory rate is acceptable for an adult?

Answer 64

12-20