Lab 3

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Shape of an organism’s bones

Question 2

Positional Repertoire

Answer 2

How an organism moves and holds their body while resting

Question 3

Humans have __ positional repertoire

Answer 3

Narrow (meaning we have one main mode of locomotion)

Question 4

Chimpanzees and bonobos have __ positional repertoire

Answer 4

Broader (multiple modes of locomotion)

Question 5

Bone

Answer 5

living tissue with many functions in the body

Question 6

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 6

comparing the bones of living species to those of fossil species

Question 7

When muscle attaches to bone, it creates a buildup of extra boney tissue at the __

Answer 7

muscle attachment site

Question 8

Joint

Answer 8

Where one bone articulates or comes in contact with another bone

Question 9

Different types of teeth

Answer 9

incisors, canines, premolars, and molars

Question 10

Dental Formula:

Answer 10

Incisors:Canines:Premolars:Molars

Question 11

Anatomical Position

Answer 11

standing with feet straight forward, arms hanging down with palms facing forward (bipeds)

Question 12

Cranial Capacity

Answer 12

Approximate measurement of brain volume

Question 13

Foramen Magnum

Answer 13

Large hold for the spinal cord at the bottom of the skull (centrally placed) in humans and towards the back (posteriorly placed) on the skulls of quadrupeds.

Question 14

Sagittal

Answer 14

Vertical section; down the midlines of the body, dividing the body into left and right halves

Question 15

Coronal

Answer 15

A vertical section perpendicular to the sagittal plane, dividing it into anterior and posterior (front and back)

Question 16

Transverse

Answer 16

A cross-section dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)

Question 17

Cranial

Answer 17

Describes the bones of the skull, including the mandible

Question 18

Postcranial

Answer 18

Describing the bones beneath the cranium

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

Toward the side of the body, away from the midline

Question 20

Medial

Answer 20

Toward the midline (middle) of the body

Question 21

Proximal

Answer 21

Closer to the trunk of the body

Question 22

Distal

Answer 22

Away from the trunk of the body

Question 23

Anterior

Answer 23

In bipeds, toward the front of the body. In quadrupeds, toward the skull.

Question 24

Posterior

Answer 24

In bipeds, toward the rear of the body. In quadrupeds, toward the tail.

Question 25

Ventral

Answer 25

In bipeds, toward the chest/belly (anterior is more commonly used). In quadrupeds, toward the lower surface or chest/belly.

Question 26

Dorsal

Answer 26

In bipeds, toward the back (posterior is more commonly used). In quadrupeds, toward the upper surface or back.

Question 27

Superior

Answer 27

In bipeds, toward the head. In quadrupeds, toward the back, similar to dorsal.

Question 28

Inferior

Answer 28

In bipeds, towards the feet. In quadrupeds, towards the chest, similar to ventral.

Question 29

Humerus

Answer 29

The proximal bones of the upper / front limb

Question 30

Femur

Answer 30

The proximal bone of the lower / hind limb

Question 31

Innominate

Answer 31

The bones of the pelvis / hips

Question 32

Scapula

Answer 32

The shoulder blade

Question 33

Cranium

Answer 33

Upper portion of the skull

Question 34

Mandible

Answer 34

The lower portion of the skull / jaw bone

Question 35

Tibia

Answer 35

The larger bone comprising of the distal lower / hind limb

Question 36

Radius and Ulna

Answer 36

The two long bones that make up the distal part of the upper/front limb