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BIOL 240 Lab > Lab 3 Terminology > Flashcards

Lab 3 Terminology Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

cartilage

A
  • dense connective tissue that functions to provide structural support
  • live cells: chondrocytes reside in lacunae
  • matrix: polysaccharides and protein fibres
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2
Q

compact bone

A
  • appears solid when viewed with the naked eye

- contains lacunae, canaliculi, haversian canals, Voldmann’s canals and bone matrix

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3
Q

trabecular bone (2)

A
  • composed of framework of hard, branching trabeculae that is filled with marrow in living bones
  • appears porous to the naked eye
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4
Q

bone (4)

A
  • hard, dense tissue
  • matrix: protein fibres and calcium phosphate
  • living cells: osteocytes
  • formed by ossification
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5
Q

epimere

A
  • dermatome
  • sclerotome
  • myotome
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6
Q

dermatome

A
  • dermis
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7
Q

sclerotome

A
  • vertebrae and ribs
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8
Q

myotome

A
  • most skeletal muscle
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9
Q

somatic hypomere mesoderm

A
  • appendicular skeleton
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10
Q

splanchnic hypomere mesoder

A
  • heart and vessels

- smooth muscles of digestive tract

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11
Q

somatic ectoderm

A
  • epidermis
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12
Q

neural plate ectoderm

A
  • CNS: brain and spinal cord

- parts of eye

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13
Q

neural crest ectoderm

A
  • peripheral nervous system
  • splanchnocranium
  • parts of chondrocranium
  • parts of teeth
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14
Q

endoderm

A
  • lining of archenteron
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15
Q

amphiceolous

A
  • centrum shape for actinopterygii and chondrichthyes
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16
Q

acoelous

A
  • centrum shape for mammalia
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17
Q

proceolous

A
  • intervertebral body on posterior side of centrum
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18
Q

opisthocoelous

A
  • intervertebral body on anterior side of centrum
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19
Q

gnathostome fish vertebral regions

A
  • trunk

- caudal

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20
Q

amphibia vertebral regions

A
  • cervical
  • trunk
  • sacral
  • caudal
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21
Q

amniotes vertebral regions

A
  • cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal
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22
Q

urostyle

A
  • in frogs/toads: caudal vertebrae fused and high modified
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23
Q

atlas (3)

A
  • ring-like and lacks centrum
  • associates with the skull
  • movement of head up and down
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24
Q

axis (2)

A
  • second cervical vertebrae in amniotes

- odontoid process that fits in atlas, allowing for side to side movement

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25
pygostyle
- fusion of most posterior caudal vertebrae in aves
26
synsacrum
- fusion of sacral, and some lumbar, thoracic and caudal vertebrae that will fuse with the pelvic girdle in aves
27
uncinate processes
- found on ribs where each fused to the next posterior rib | - aves
28
sacrum
- fusion of all sacral vertebrae in mammals where the pelvic girdle attaches to
29
sternum (2)
- site for chest muscle attachment | - may attach to ribs to form a rib cage to protect internal organs
30
keel
- in aves, the sternum is a large bone element with a keel for attachment of flight muscles
31
post-temporal bone
- of the pectoral girdle attaches girdle directly to the skull
32
clavicle (2)
- dermal element of skeleton | - connect the front limbs to the body; collarbones in humans
33
furcula
- fusion of clavicles, sometimes called the wishbone
34
scapula
a large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back
35
pelvic girdle elements
- ilium (lateral wing) - ischium (dorsal) - pubic (ventral)
36
forelimbs (6)
- humerus: upper limb - radius: anterior - ulna: posterior, often forms elbow - carpals: wrist bones - metacarpals: hands - phalanges: digits
37
hindlimbs
- femur: upper limb - tibia: thicker - fibula: thinner - tarsals: ankle bones - metatarsals: foot - phalanges: digits
38
plantigrade
- phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals all on ground
39
digitigrade
- phalanges touch the ground
40
unguilgrade
- only nails touch the ground (hoove in horses)
41
capsules
- olfactory - optic - otic
42
first pharyngeal arch
- mandibular arch
43
second pharyngeal arch
- hyoid arch
44
paleostyly
- vertebrates without jaws: myxinoidea and petromyzontida | - all pharyngeal arches support the gills
45
autostyly
- holocephali - jaw: palatoquadrate forms upper and Meckel's cartilage forms lower from mandibular arch - directly attached to chondrocranium - no support from hyoid arch
46
hyostyly
- elasmobranchii - palatoquadrate and meckel's cartilage - hyomandibular of hyoid arch forms swinging bridge that allows for jaw protrusion - loose attachment to chondrocranium
47
modified hyostyly
- actinopterygii - quadrate and articular bones articulate - hyomandibular + other bones forms swinging bridge that is loosely attached to skull - highly mobile joints -> kinetic structure - upper jaw: premaxilla and maxilla
48
metautostyly
- most amphibians and sauropsids | - quadrate and articular articulate, but quadrate bone attached directly to brain case
49
streptostyly
- metautostyly, but the quadrate fuses firmly with the braincase - amphibia, testudinata, crocodilia
50
columella
- tiny bone of middle ear derived from hyomandibula | - in most amphibians and sauropsids
51
craniostyly
- mammals - entire upper jaw completely fused to brain case - lower haw composed of single dermal bone: dentary - articulates with squamosal bone of braincase
52
middle ear bones of mammals
- incus and malleus from quadrate and articular bones | - stapes from the hyomandibula
53
secondary palate
- fully developed in mammals, birds, and crocodilia, but birds are all soft - lepidosauria lack palate - testudinata have partial
54
anapsid
- no TF - otic notch - turtles
55
diapsid
- 2 pairs of TF | - eureptilia
56
synapsid
- mammals | - 1 pair of TF
57
acrodont
- base of each tooth attaches to surface of jaw
58
pleurodont
- one side of each tooth fused to inner surface of jaw
59
thecodont
- teeth securely anchored in socket of jaw with roots
60
heterodont
- incisors, canines, premolars, molars
61
carnivores
- long and sharp canine teeth | - carnassials
62
herbivores
- diastema: large gap between incisors and molars
63
herbivores
- diastema: large gap between incisors and molars

BIOL 240 Lab (3 decks)

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