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Lab 3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrate fermentation

A

Bacteria must possess necessary enzymes to degrade the disaccharide into unstable monosaccharide form. Sugars are fermented to yield energy once in monosaccharide form

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2
Q

Types of disaccharides

A

Sucrose and lactose

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3
Q

Byproducts of fermentation

A

Organic acids and gases (co2 and h2)

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4
Q

What color is carbohydrate fermentation tube before inoculation

A

Red (phenol red)

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5
Q

What color is the carbohydrate fermentation tube if carbohydrate is fermented by bacterium

A

Yellow (acid produced lowers ph and causes ph indicator to change color)

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6
Q

What is gas tube in carbohydrate fermentation called

A

Durham tube

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7
Q

Purpose of TSI test

A

Distinguish among gram - enteric bacilli on basis of their ability to ferment glucose, lactose, sucrose and hydrogen sulfide

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8
Q

Enteric bacilli

A

Species found within the colon of animals and humans, some are part of the normal flora

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9
Q

TSI media composition

A 
1% sucrose 
1% lactose 
0.1% glucose 
Sulfur and iron source 
Phenol red
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10
Q

Ph indication of phenol red

A

Yellow if bellow 6.8

Red if above 8.2

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11
Q

What will TSI look like if only glucose is fermented

A

The butt will be yellow and the rest remains red

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12
Q

What will the TSI tube look like if there is mixed fermentation

A

Yellow slant and yellow butt

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13
Q

What does it mean if there is cracks and bubbles and yellow medium in TSI

A

Gas production from fermentation

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14
Q

What does it mean if there’s blackening of butt in TSI

A

Hydrogen sulfide produced

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15
Q

Hydrogen sulfide test purpose

A

Assesses ability of microbes to produce hydrogen sulfide from sulfur containing amino acids or inorganic sulfur compounds in the medium

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16
Q

What color is the sim medium when there is hydrogen sulfide

A

Black

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17
Q

Type of media for hydrogen sulfide

A

SIM

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18
Q

What does sim stand for

A

Sulfur reduction
Indole production
Motility

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19
Q

Indole test with sim

A

Ability to produce enzyme tryptophanase, which hydrolyses tryptophan

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20
Q

Products of enzymatic process

A

Indole
Ammonia
Pyruvic acid

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21
Q

What is urease test used for

A

Distinguish members of proteus vulgaris from other non lactose fermenting enteric microorganisms

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22
Q

Urease

A

Hydrolytic enzyme that attacks nitrogen and carbon bond in anime compounds such as urea that forms the alkaline end product ammonia

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23
Q

What medium is used for urease test

A

Urea broth medium

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24
Q

What indicatior is used in urease test

A

Phenol red

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25
What color does urease broth medium turn when ammonia is created (alkaline environment)
Deep pink
26
Starch hydrolysis enzyme
Amylase
27
Starch hydrolysis media
Starch agar plate
28
Starch hydrolysis reagent
Grams iodine
29
Starch hydrolysis interpretation of results
Positive: media is Amber brown(no starch) Negative: media is blue black (lack of starch hydrolysis, starch presence)
30
Casein enzyme
Protease
31
Casein media
Milk agar, skim milk plate
32
Casein interpretation of results
Positive: clearing in media around species Negative: media remains opaque
33
Lipid hydrolysis enzyme
Lipase
34
Lipid hydrolysis media
Tributyrin plate
35
Lipid hydrolysis interpretation of results
Positive: clearing in media around species Negative: media remains opaque
36
Gelatin hydrolysis enzyme
Gelatinase
37
Gelatin hydrolysis media
Nutrient broth with 12% gelatin (gelatin deep)
38
Gelatin hydrolysis interpretation of results
Positive: liquification of media Negative: media remains in solid form
39
Carbohydrate fermentation media
Phenol red lactose, phenol red dextrose, phenol red sucrose (with Durham tube)
40
Carbohydrate fermentation interpretation of results
Red to yellow indicates acid presence and fermentation Bubble is Durham tube indicates gas production (as a result of fermentation)
41
Carbohydrate fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production media
TSI agar test (triple sugar agar slants) Lactose: 1% Sucrose: 1% Glucose: 0.1%
42
Carbohydrate fermentation wane hydrogen sulfide production interpretation of results
Red slant, yellow butt= glucose fermentation Yellow slant, yellow butt= lactose or sucrose fermentation Red slant, red butt= no fermentation Production of hydrogen sulfide= blackening in the butt of slant
43
Hydrogen sulfide production, indole production, motility media
SIM agar (sulfur reduction, indole, motility)
44
Hydrogen sulfide production, indole production and motility reagent
Kovacs reagent used to see is bacterium produces tryptophanase which hydrolizes tryptophan. End products of hydrolysation are indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonia
45
Hydrogen sulfide production, indole production, and motility interpretation of results
Hydrogen sulfide production is evident when a black precipitate blackens the media Kovacs reagent tests for indole. If it turns red indole is positive Motility measured by widespread turbidity
46
Urease test enzyme
Urease
47
Urease test media
Urea broth with phenol red
48
Urease test interpretation of results
Positive: tube turns deep pink
49
Catalase test
Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and free oxygen
50
Catalase test enzyme
Catalase
51
Catalase test media
Tryptose soy agar slant
52
Catalase test reagent
3% hydrogen peroxide
53
Catalase test interpretation of results
Positive: bubbles upon application of hydrogen peroxide Negative: no bubbles
54
Temp requirements
All organisms have minimum temp, maximum temp, and optimum temp
55
Psycheophiles
Prefer cold (0-20)
56
Mesophiles
Prefer 20-40 (human body is 37)
57
Thermophiles
Prefer above 40
58
Slow bacteria growth
Bacteriostatic
59
How do low temperatures slow growth
Reduce efficiency of enzymes
60
How do high temperatures kill cells
Dry out the cell and damage cellular molecules Moist heat denatures molecules
61
Boiling
Hot enough to kill cells but not spores
62
Pasteurization
Controlled heating of food materials to reduce bacterial populations to safe levels
63
Autoclave
Steam under pressure. Increased pressure increases temp

Advanced Micro (6 decks)

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