Lab #4 Flashcards
1
Q
Interthalamic adhesion
A
connection bundle in the middle of the thalamus
2
Q
Thalamic Tubercle
A
- Bump on superior anterior thalamus
- No function
3
Q
Vascullar organ of lateral terminalis
A
Monitors CSF for salt concentration
4
Q
Hypothalamus function
A
- Maintain homeostasis
- BP, electrolyte composition
- Body temp
- Energy metabolism
- Reproduction
- Physical, immunological stress response
- 4 F’s: feeding, fighting, fleeing, fornicating
- Sleep
- General: interface between NS and endocrine/autonomic systems
5
Q
Lamina Terminalis
A
- Anterior end of the closed neuropore
- Runs from anterior commisure to optic chiasm
6
Q
Mammillary Bodies
A
- Participate in memory functions
- Located at termination point of fornix
7
Q
Fornix
A
- Connects hippocampus to mammillary bodies
- Cuts hypothalamus into medial and ventral parts
- Plays a part in memory
8
Q
Lateral Hypothalamus
A
- Keeps you awake
- Keeps you eating
- Outputs to cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, amygdala
9
Q
Tuber cinereum
A
- Gray matter between mammillary bodies and optic chiasm
- Contains arcuate nucleus = feeding
10
Q
Uncus
A
- Part of the parahippocampal gyrus, on medial inferior temporal lobe
- Olfactory cortex
11
Q
Insula Parts & Functions
A
- General: interoception (taste, temp)
- Posterior: HR, RR, bodily state
- Mid-insula: sensory reresentation of viscera
- Anterior: subjective intensity of experience (emotional level)
- Inputs to amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex
12
Q
Median Eminence
A
- Small swelling on tuber cinereum, posterior to infundibulum
- Circumventricular organ (no BBB)
- Major source of signaling to hypothalamus,
- AND releases hormones into bloodstream
- Release “releasing hormones” into hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary for various endocrine functions
13
Q
Infundibulum
A
- Cone-shaped
- Gives rise to pituitary stalk
14
Q
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Tract
A
- Axons running from paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nuclei to posterior pituitary
- Releases vasopressin (to block fluid loss)
15
Q
Mammillothalamic tract
A
- Links mammillary bodies to anterior thalamus
- Memory
- Connects hippocampus and anterior thalamus
16
Q
Preoptic Nucleus
A
- Set point generator
17
Q
Sexually dimoprhic nuclei
A
- Sex behaviors
- Larger in males
18
Q
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
A
- Circadian rhythms
- Respondible for release of melatonin
19
Q
Arcuate nucleus
A
- In wall of tuber cinereum
- Feeding/appetite
20
Q
Ventromedial Nucleus
A
- Superior to arcuate nucleus
- Regulates satiety/stop eating
- DAMAGE = obesity, aggression
21
Q
Dorsomedial, posterior nuclei
A
Maturation and thermogenesis
22
Q
Tubermammillary Nucleus
A
- Lateral hypothalamic nuclei
- Sleep/wake/circadian rhythm
23
Q
Corticolimbic System Function
A
- Generate appropriate reactions
- Facilitate recognition
24
Q
Amygdala
A
- Recognition of non-neutral stimuli
- Low-road input from thalamus (unprocessed)
- High-road input from cortex (processed)
25
Stria Terminalis
* **Runs with thalamo-striate vein**
* Anticipation of threat
* Outflow from amygdala to hypothalamus to basal forebrain
* Goes to anterior hypothalamus = sexual, agonistic behavior
26
Stria medullaris
* Outflow from basal forebrain and hypothalamus to habenula
27
Substantia Innominata
* NBM + BNST
* NBM = synthesizes ACh for arousal
* BNST = detect potential threat (CeA)
28
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
* **VALENCE center**
* Receives input from BLA, NBM
* Damage = abulia
29
Allostasis Definition & Areas
* How the body responds to stressors to regain homeostasis
* Areas
* Anterior cingulate cortex: conscious emotions
* Subgenual component of ACC: regulates emotional responses
30
Parts of brain that generate visceromotor commands to **hypothalamus**
1. Anterior cingulate cortex
2. Amygdala
3. Anterior insula
31
Hippocampus
short term memmory
32
Parahippocampal Gyrus
Encoding & retrieval
33
Basal Forebrain
* Vental striatopallidal system = appetitive **motor** system (motivation to work for environmental stim = reward)
* Just inferior to the anterior commissure
34
Dorsal vs Ventral DA
Dorsal = movement
Ventral = reward
35
Habenula
* Nucleus of disappointment/negative valence
* Embedded in posterior end of stria medullaris thalami
* Lateral habenula receives inputs (via the stria medullaris thalami) from the ventral pallidum and lateral hypothalamus
* Outputs (via "fasciculus retroflexus") target the SNc and VTA in the midbrain where habenular inputs ultimately inhibit dopaminergic neurons
* Basically takes away DA by inhibiting the VTA, so you're not pairing the behavior to reinforcement
36
Nucleus Accumbens
* Part of the ventral striatopallidal system (VSS) = motivation/reward
* Receives excitatory inputs from amygdala, hippocampus, vmPFC, lateral hypothalamus
* Located in basal forebrain
37
Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
* Input
* Hippocampus (via fornix, mammillary bodies)
* Midbrain (acetylcholine)
* Output
* Cortex of cingulate gyrus
38
Pulvinar
* A thalamic nucleus
* Mostlly located in superior cistern
* Function: integration of stim in different sensory domains
* Inputs: retina, superior colliculus, spinothalamic tract
* Output: where pathway in parietal lobe
* Lesions = visual perception, pain perception, language processing
39
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
* Located beneath pulvinar, laterally
* Ending of the optic tract
* Input: contralateral visual field (optic tract)
* Output: primary visual cortex (V1) surrounding calcarine fissure in occipital lobe via optic radiations
40
Medial geniculate nucleus
* Medial to lateran geniculate nucleus, below pulvinar
* Input: auditory input from inferior colliculus
* Tonotopically organized
* Output: auditory radiations in Heschl's gyrus of temporal lobe
* Connects via the **inferior quadrigeminal brachium**
41
Inferior quadrigeminal brachium
* Connection between medial geniculate body and inferior colliculus (auditory info)
42
Epithalamus
* Contains
* Pineal body
* Habenula
* Stria medullaris thalami
* Posterior commissure
43
Retrolenticular Part
* Optic radiation off of posterior limb of internal capsule
* Supplied by M2 of MCA
44
Sublenticular part
* Auditory radiation off of posterior limb of internal capsule
* Supplied by M2 of MCA
45
Lentiform nuclei
Putamen + globus pallidus
