- Texture: Phaneritic - Grain Size: Fine-meduim - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Felsic - Colour: Light - Other Features: HAS QUARTZ (one of the only ones with visible quartz)

- Texture: Phaneritic - Grain Size: Medium - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Intermediate - Colour: Medium - Other Features: Has visible LIGHT AND DARK MINERALS

- Texture: Phaneritic - Grain Size: MEDIUM-COARSE - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Mafic - Colour: Dark - Other Features: Mostly dark with small light flecks, PREDOMINANTLY AMPHIBOLE

- Texture: Phaneritic - Grain Size: Medium - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Ultramafic - Colour: Light - Other Features: LOOKS LIKE OLIVINE, green grains

- Texture: Aphanitic - Grain Size: Not visible - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Felsic - Colour: Light (green- grey) - Other Features: No amphibole or pyroxene, sometimes VISIBLE QUARTZ

- Texture: Aphanitic - Grain Size: Not visible - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Intermediate - Colour: Medium - Other Features: Mostly darker minerals, no quartz, massive

- Texture: Aphanitic - Grain Size: NOT VISIBLE - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Mafic - Colour: DARK - Other Features: Sharp angles, dull shine, pyroxene

- Texture: Aphanitic (basalt, phenocrysts don't count) - Grain Size: Not visible - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Mafic - Colour: Dark - Other Features: Basalt SURROUNDS CHUNKS OF OTHER ROCK (ex: plagioclase)

- Texture: Aphanitic - Grain Size: Not visible - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Mafic - Colour: Dark - Other Features: Basalt is POROUS, holes can be grey from water

- Texture: Glassy - Grain Size: None - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Felsic - Colour: DARK - Other Features: Black, glassy luster, concoidal fracture

- Texture: Glassy - Grain Size: None - I, S, or M: Igneous - Composition: Felsic - Colour: Light - Other Features: SPONGE LIKE, extremely light

- Texture: Clastic - Grain Size: Gravel rocks, sand cement - I, S, or M: Sedimentary - Class: Clastic - Colour: Any - Other Features: Larger ROUNDED rocks cemented with sand like grains

- Texture: Clastic - Grain Size: Gravel rocks, fine cement - I, S, or M: Sedimentary - Class: Clastic - Colour: Any - Other Features: Larger ANGULAR rocks cemented with fine grains

- Texture: Clastic - Grain Size: Sand - I, S, or M: Sedimentary - Class: Clastic - Colour: Light - Other Features: Can be ROUGH sand stuck together, can be SMOOTH sand stuck together (rub on teeth to check for grains)

- Texture: Clastic - Grain Size: Mud (clay and silt) - I, S, or M: Sedimentary - Class: Clastic - Colour: Medium - Dark - Other Features: SCRATCH WITH PENNY, looks layered`

Lab 4 Identification of Rocks Flashcards by Kayla Atwood

Granite

Texture: Phaneritic
Grain Size: Fine-meduim
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Felsic
Colour: Light
Other Features: HAS QUARTZ (one of the only ones with visible quartz)

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Diorite

Texture: Phaneritic
Grain Size: Medium
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Intermediate
Colour: Medium
Other Features: Has visible LIGHT AND DARK MINERALS

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Gabbro

Texture: Phaneritic
Grain Size: MEDIUM-COARSE
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Mafic
Colour: Dark
Other Features: Mostly dark with small light flecks, PREDOMINANTLY AMPHIBOLE

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Dunite

Texture: Phaneritic
Grain Size: Medium
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Ultramafic
Colour: Light
Other Features: LOOKS LIKE OLIVINE, green grains

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Rhyolite

Texture: Aphanitic
Grain Size: Not visible
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Felsic
Colour: Light (green- grey)
Other Features: No amphibole or pyroxene, sometimes VISIBLE QUARTZ

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Andesite

Texture: Aphanitic
Grain Size: Not visible
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Intermediate
Colour: Medium
Other Features: Mostly darker minerals, no quartz, massive

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Basalt

Texture: Aphanitic
Grain Size: NOT VISIBLE
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Mafic
Colour: DARK
Other Features: Sharp angles, dull shine, pyroxene

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Difference between Gabbro and Basalt

Gabbro is a coarse grained rock, and Basalt doesn’t have visible grains

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Porpheritic Basalt

Texture: Aphanitic (basalt, phenocrysts don’t count)
Grain Size: Not visible
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Mafic
Colour: Dark
Other Features: Basalt SURROUNDS CHUNKS OF OTHER ROCK (ex: plagioclase)

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Vesicular Basalt

Texture: Aphanitic
Grain Size: Not visible
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Mafic
Colour: Dark
Other Features: Basalt is POROUS, holes can be grey from water

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Obsidian

Texture: Glassy
Grain Size: None
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Felsic
Colour: DARK
Other Features: Black, glassy luster, concoidal fracture

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Pumice

Texture: Glassy
Grain Size: None
I, S, or M: Igneous
Composition: Felsic
Colour: Light
Other Features: SPONGE LIKE, extremely light

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Conglomerate

Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Gravel rocks, sand cement
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Clastic
Colour: Any
Other Features: Larger ROUNDED rocks cemented with sand like grains

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Breccia

Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Gravel rocks, fine cement
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Clastic
Colour: Any
Other Features: Larger ANGULAR rocks cemented with fine grains

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Sandstone

Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Sand
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Clastic
Colour: Light
Other Features: Can be ROUGH sand stuck together, can be SMOOTH sand stuck together (rub on teeth to check for grains)

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Shale

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Texture: Clastic
Grain Size: Mud (clay and silt)
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Clastic
Colour: Medium - Dark
Other Features: SCRATCH WITH PENNY, looks layered`

Fossiliferous Limestone

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Texture: Fossiliferous
Grain Size: Any
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Biochemical
Colour: Any
Other Features: Has VISIBLE SHELL FRAGMENTS, POROUS, limestone

Coquina

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Texture: Fossiliferous (bioclastic)
Grain Size: None
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Biochemical
Colour: Any
Other Features: 80-90% SHELL FRAGMENTS, looks like GRANOLA BAR

Aphanitic Limestone

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Texture: Massive (Aphanitic)
Grain Size: Fine-grained, Massive
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Chemical
Colour: Medium
Other Features: slightly CONCOIDAL FRACTION,

Oolitic Limestone

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Texture: Oolitic
Grain Size: Fine grained
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Chemical
Colour: Light - Medium
Other Features: Small OOLITES STUCK TOGETHER

Travertine

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Texture: Porous
Grain Size: Fine - Coarse
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Chemical
Colour: Light
Other Features: VERY POROUS, BUT NOT SPONGE LIKE

Diotomite

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Texture: Massive
Grain Size: Fine
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Chemical
Colour: White
Other Features: looks like CHALK, smooth, soft

Chert

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Texture: Massive
Grain Size: Fine
I, S, or M: Sedimentary
Class: Chemical
Colour: Light and Dark
Other Features: Smooth, grains not visible

Slate

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Texture: Foliated (slaty cleavage)
Grain Size: Very fine grained
I, S, or M: Metamorphic
Protolith: Shale
Colour: Dark
Other Features: smooth, FLAT SLABS, vary in colour, DULL shine

Phyllite

- Texture: Foliated (phyllitic foliation) - Grain Size: Very fine grained - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: Shale - Colour: Medium - Other Features: MEDIUM SHINY, satiny

Mica Schist

- Texture: Foliated (schistose) - Grain Size: Medium - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: None - Colour: Medium - Other Features: Shiny, mix of yellow and dark colour

Garnet Muscovite Schist

- Texture: Foliated (schistose) - Grain Size: Medium - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: None - Colour: Light - Other Features: Pearly shine (MUSCOVITE), has RED GARNET within

Talc Schist

- Texture: Foliated (schistose) - Grain Size: Fine - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: None - Colour: Light - Other Features: Smooth and soft, like TALC, glassy luster

Gneiss

- Texture: Foliated (gneissic) - Grain Size: Coarse - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: None - Colour: Light and Dark - Other Features: BANDED LIGHT AND DARK

Marble

- Texture: Nonfoliated (granoblastic) - Grain Size: Fine - medium - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: Limestone, Dolomite - Colour: Light (variable) - Other Features: SUGARY, SPARKLY appearance, SCRATCH WITH NAIL

Quartzite

- Texture: Nonfoliated (granoblastic) - Grain Size: Fine - medium - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: Quartz Sandstone - Colour: Light (variable) - Other Features: SUGARY appearance, TOUGH (no scratching)

Amphibolite

- Texture: Nonfoliated (granoblastic) - Grain Size: Medium - coarse - I, S, or M: Metamorphic - Protolith: Basalt, Gabbro - Colour: Dark - Other Features: SALT AND PEPPER look, may be WEAKLY FOLIATED, sparkly

Gabbro vs Amphibolite

- Gabbro has larger grains | - Amphibolite grains look squished, and have grain alignment

Obsidian vs Chert

- Obsidian is more glassy and more black

Tell if Igneous

- Crystalline apperance

Tell if Sedimentary

- Look for grains of sediment | - Teeth test for grains

Chemical or Clastic

- Chemical way stronger than clastic

Tell if Metamorphic

- Look for foliation

Lab 4 Identification of Rocks Flashcards

(38 cards)