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BIOL 1410 > Lab 5 Checklist > Flashcards

Lab 5 Checklist Flashcards

1
Q

Coccyx

A
  • Last vertebrae (aka Tailbone)
  • 3-5 fused vertebrae (usually 4)
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2
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae (above coccyx)
  • Articulates with the allium (appendicular skeleton)
  • Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)
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3
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • 5 vertebrae
  • Support body weight
  • ALL have large bodies and rectangular spinous processes
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4
Q

Body (lumbar)

A
  • Large kidney shape
  • Wider from side to side than from front to back
  • Slightly thicker in front than back
  • Slightly concave
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5
Q

Lamina (lumbar)

A
  • Thin, bony plate
  • Shields or protects access to the spinal canal
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6
Q

Pedicle (lumbar)

A
  • Connects the lamina to the vertebral body
  • Are very strong
  • Directed backwards from the upper part of the vertebral body
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7
Q

Spinous Process (lumbar)

A
  • Blunt and rectangular (for the attachment of strong lumbar muscles)
  • Projects backward and downward (as do all)
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8
Q

Transverse Process (lumbar)

A
  • Long and slender
  • Change in morphology from L1-L3 to L4-L5
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9
Q

Vertebral Foramen (lumbar)

A
  • Triangular hole within the arch
  • Larger than that of thoracic, smaller than that of cervical
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10
Q

Os Coxae

A
  • Hip bone (one side of pelvic girdle)
  • Consists of allium, ischium and pubis
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11
Q

Acetabulum

A
  • Joint in pelvic girdle
  • Articulates with head of femur
  • All 3 bones of Os Coxa join here
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12
Q

Illiac Crest

A
  • Is the Illium’s superior border
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13
Q

Illium

A
  • Os coxa
  • Articulates with sacrum
  • Largest of 3 bones that make up the pelvis
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14
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A
  • Lower part of pelvis
  • aka Sit bones (bony butt)
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15
Q

Ischium

A
  • Paired bone of os coxa
  • ^Most inferior part
  • Forms lower and back part of hip bone
  • Articulates with illium and pubis
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16
Q

Obturator Foramen

A
  • Large opening in the Os Coxa (hipbone) between the pubis and the ischium
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17
Q

Pubis

A
  • 1 of 3 bones of pelvic bone
  • Most forward-facing bone of pelvic bone
  • Left and right joined by pubic symphysis
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18
Q

Pelvic Brim (inlet)

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Top of cylinder; view from above
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19
Q

Pelvic Outlet

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Bottom of cylinder; view from underneath
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20
Q

Pubic Arch

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Anterior triangle of the pelvic outlet
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21
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A
  • Cartilaginous Joint that attaches left and right pelvic bone
  • Helps pelvis absorb some of the weight from the upper body as it travels to the lower body
  • Amphiathrotic; allows expansion during childbirth
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22
Q

Sacroiliac Joint

A
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Joint between Sacrum + Illium
  • Plane/gliding synovial joint (flat surface)
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23
Q

Sacrum

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae in Pelvic Girdle
  • Articulates with illium and 5th lumbar vertebra
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24
Q

Femur

A
  • Long bone of the thighs/upper hind limb
  • Left vs right: Lateral/medial condyles (posterior) and Head (medial)
  • Ball & socket joint with acetabulum (hip)
  • Distally, articulates with condyles of tibia
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25
Tibia
- Medial bone of the shin - Larger and stronger than Fibula - aka Shinbone
26
Fibula
- Lateral bone of the shin - Smaller than Tibia
27
Metatarsals
- 5 within the foot (sole) - Connect ankle to toes - Help you balance when you stand and walk
28
Phalanges (toes)
- 14 digits - aka Toes
29
Tarsals
- There are 7 - 2 parts: Talus (big projection on top) and Calcaneus - NOT long bones
30
Greater Trochanter
- Large, irregular eminence of the Femur - Attachement site for gluteus medius & minimus, piriformis, obturator externus & internus
31
Lateral Condyle
- 1 of 2 projections on the lower extremity of femur - More prominent and broader than the medial condyle - Articulates with proximal part of tibia (tibial lateral condyle)
32
Lateral Epicondyle
- On distal end of Femur - Attachment site for fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint
33
Lesser Trochanter
- On proximal end of Femur - Medial to Greater Trochanter - Attachment for Illopsoas Muscle
34
Medial Condyle (femur)
- Smaller 1 of 2 projections on the lower extremity of femur - Articulates with proximal part of tibia (tibial medial condyle)
35
Medial Epicondyle
- Bony protrusion on distal end of Femur - Provides attachment for Adductor Magnus muscle (tendon) and Tibial Collateral ligament
36
Lateral Condyle (tibia)
- Lateral portion of the proximal extremity of tibia - Rests above the head of the fibula - Articulates with corresponding part on femur
37
Medial Condyle (tibia)
- Medial portion of the proximal extremity of tibia - Articulates with corresponding part on femur
38
Medial Malleolus
- Bony bump on inside of ankle - Attachment site for Deltoid Ligament - "Hook" on distal end of tibia
39
Tibial Tuberosity
- "Bump" on anterior side of of tibia - Just below the lateral and medial tibial condyles - Attachment site for patellar ligament - Articulates with talus
40
Head (fibula)
- Slanted shape - Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia
41
Lateral Malleolus
- Pointy, distal end of fibula - Bump on outside of ankle - Articulates with talus
42
Talus
- Large "ankle" bone - Articulates with tibia and calcaneus bone
43
Calcaneus
- aka Heel Bone - Articulates with cuboid bone (foot), talus (ankle) - Attachment site for Achilles Tendon
44
Adductor Longus
- Large, fan-shaped muscle - On medial, anterior aspect of thigh - Innervated by L2-L4 (obturator nerve) - Origin; Pubis - Insert; Femur
45
Adductor Magnus
- Large, triangular muscle - On medial, posterior aspect of thigh - Attaches to inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity - Origin; Pubis - Insert; Femur
46
Gracilis
- Directly medial to adductor Magnus (in between adductors) - Long & thin muscle - Originates on ischiopubic ramus - Joins with sartorial and semitendinosus muscle tendons (= pes anserine) - Then inserts on Tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity)
47
Iliopsoas
- Psoas Major + Ilacus (=iliopsoas) - Deep muscle group - Anatomically connects the Spine to Lower Limbs - Is the primary hip flexor
48
Iliacus
- Part of Iliopsoas - Is somewhat of a cavity at the top - Belongs to inner hip muscles - Flexor muscle
49
Psoas Major
- Part of Iliopsoas - At the very top; runs from lumbar spine through the groin on either side - Belongs to inner hip muscles - Flexor muscle
50
Pectineus
- Flat quadrangular muscle (small & anterior) - In the upper portion of the thigh - Thigh Adductor muscle; aids balance and alignment - Origin; Pubis (Pectineal line) - Insertion; Femur
51
Quadriceps Fermoris
- Large group of muscles at the Front of the thigh (quads) - Includes; rectus femoris, vests medialis, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius
52
Rectus Femoris
- Part of quadriceps fermoris - Runs down the middle (from anterior view) - Originates; iliac spine (illium) - Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament) and patella
53
Vastus Lateralis
- Part of quadriceps fermoris - Lateral to rectus femoris - Originates; Greater trochanter of Femur - Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella and lateral condyle of tibia
54
Vastus Medialis
- Part of quadriceps fermoris - Medial to rectus femoris - Originates; femur - Inserts; tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella and lateral condyle of tibia
55
Sartorius
- Thin, long, superficial muscle - Runs diagonally on anterior aspect of thigh (over hip and knee joints) - Origin; Iliac Spine (illium) - Inserts; Tibia (tibial shaft)
56
Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Found on proximal anterolateral thigh - Between the superficial & deep fibres of the iliotibial (IT) band - Ends before the grater trochanter of the femur - Originates; anterior iliac crest & iliac spine - Inserts; lateral condyle of tibia
57
Gluteus Maximus
- aka Butt - Main extensor muscle of the hip - Largest and outermost of the three gluteal muscles
58
Gluteus Medius
- Proximal to Gluteus Maximus - Anterior part internally Rotates thigh - Contraction of the whole muscle Abducts the thigh
59
Hamstrings
- Tendons at the back of the thighs - Attach the large thigh muscle to the bone - Includes; semitendinosus, semimembranous, biceps femoris - ALL attach between the ischial tuberosity (pelvis) and bones of the leg
60
Biceps Femoris
- Long hamstring muscle - Lateral to Semitendionsus - Allows movement at hip and knee joints
61
Semimembranosus
- Skinny hamstring muscle - Medial to Semitendionsus (most medial of 3) - Has a flat tendon of origin - Extensor of hip joint - Flexor of knee joint
62
Semitendionsus
- Middle, fusiform hamstring muscle
63
Extensor Digitorium Longus
- Feather-like muscle of the anterior (extensor) compartment of leg - Lateral part of shin (in front of fibula)
64
Fibularis (peroneus) Longus
- Superficial muscle in Lateral compartment of leg - Tilts the sole of foot away from midline of body - Allows plantar flexion at the ankle
65
Gastrocnemius
- Main calf muscle - Flexes knee and foot - Originates; back of Femur and Patella - Attaches to Achilles tendon
66
Soleus
- Wide, flat leg muscle (posterior) - From just below the knee to the heel - Lays immediately deep to the Gastrocnemius
67
Tibialis Anterior
- Originates; lateral surface of tibia - Inserts; medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal bones - Acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot - Located near the shin (in front of)
68
Iliofemoral Ligament
- Attaches the anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochateric crest of femur - Prevents excess abduction and extension
69
Ischiofemoral Ligament
- Attaches to posterior surface of acetabular rim and labrum - Inserts; anterior aspect of femur - Prevents excess extension & limits internal rotation
70
Pubofermoral Ligament
- Triangular shaped ligament - Attaches the Pubis to the Femoral Head - Prevents hyper extension
71
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- ACL runs diagonally in the middle of the knee - Connects femur to tibia - Originates at lateral femoral condyle - Inserts into middle of intercondylar area
72
Fibular Collateral Ligament
- LCL is on outer side of knee - Runs from proximal part of fibula to outer side of distal femur - Attached at lateral condyle of femur (above the popliteus)
73
Lateral Meniscus
- Horizontal, crescent-shaped band (medial) - More oval than medial meniscus - Cartilaginous - Between the medial tibia and medial femur - Decrease the amount of stress on the knee joint (shock absorber)
74
Medial Meniscus
- Horizontal, crescent-shaped band (medial) - Larger than lateral meniscus - Cartilaginous - Between the medial tibia and medial femur - Decrease the amount of stress on the knee joint (shock absorber)
75
Patellar Ligament
- Anterior on knee joint - Distal portion of the quadriceps Femoris (from patella to tibial tuberosity) - Attaches patella to tibia (large and vertical)
76
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- Originates from medial femoral condyle - Inserts along posterior tibial plateau - 2 tough bands of fibrous tissue in the back of the knee - 1 of several ligaments that connect the femur to tibia
77
Tibial Collateral Ligament
- aka Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) - Along the inside of the knee - Supporting structure connecting tibia to femur - Surrounds muscles for stability
78
External Abdominal Oblique
- Outermost abdominal muscles - Direction of fibres \\ //
79
Rectus Abdominis
- Top layer of abdominal muscles (aka Six-Pack) - 2 flat and parallel muscles separated by Linear Alba (CT) - "Rectus" = straight | |

BIOL 1410 (3 decks)

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