Lab 6 General Skeletal System

Question 0

Name the 6 general shapes of bones in the skeleton and give examples of each.

Answer 0

Long (bones of appendages ie femur/humerus), short (cube like bones ie carpals), flat (cranial skull bones ie parietal, scapula, or ribs), sesamoid bones (sesame seed shaped ie patella), sutural (bones embedded inbtwn sutures ie cracks in skull), and irregular bones (variable in shape ie vertabrae, coccyx, sacrum, etc)

Question 1

The human skeleton is made up of approximately _____ bones. The skeleton can be divided up into two main divisions which are ____& ______, which contain (#) bones and (#) bones.

Answer 1

206; axial (80 bones); appendicular (126 bones)

Question 2

The middle section of a long bone, contains a compact bone with hollow center

Answer 2

Diaphysis

Question 3

End of the long bone furthest from the body

Answer 3

Distal epiphysis

Question 4

End of the long bone closest to the body

Answer 4

Proximal epiphysis

Question 5

The hyaline cartilage plate in long bones that separates the epiphyses from the diaphyses

Answer 5

Epiphyseal plate (line)

Question 6

Central cavity of the long bone

Answer 6

Medullary cavity

Question 7

The outer casing of a long bone

Answer 7

Compact bone

Question 8

In a long bone, this has red marrow and is also where RBCs are made

Answer 8

Spongy bone

Question 9

This is between two bones, and keeps them from grinding together

Answer 9

Articular cartilage

Question 10

The membrane around the outside of the long bone that brings in the blood supply

Answer 10

Periosteum

Question 11

Membrane on the inside of the long bone which contains the osteoprogenetor cells

Answer 11

Endosteum

Question 12

Where most fat cells reside in the long bone

Answer 12

Yellow marrow

Question 13

This makes RBCs, platelets, and most WBCs

Answer 13

Red bone marrow

Question 14

The two types of osseous tissues

Answer 14

Compact and spongy bone

Question 15

Name differences btwn the compact and spongy bone

Answer 15

Compact: highly organized osteons (that provide strength to our bones)
Spongy: honeycomb-like structure (allows it to transmit weight, to form cavities for bone marrow, and to be lightweight).

Question 16

Hw are spongy and compact similar?

Answer 16

Both are produced by osteoblasts

Question 17

Osteons make up a _____

Answer 17

Compact bone

Question 18

Rings that form around the haversian canal of the osteon

Answer 18

Concentric lamellae

Question 19

Two methods of bone growth

Answer 19

Interstitial & Appositional

Question 20

Which method of bone growth increases the bone organ in length?

Answer 20

Interstitial

Question 21

Which method of bone growth increases the bone organ in width?

Answer 21

Appositional

Question 22

Which bone growth method is actually the result of the division of cartilage cells?

Answer 22

Interstitial

Question 23

Which bone growth method occurs just deep to the periosteum?

Answer 23

Appositional

Question 24

______ break down the bone on the inside, and those minerals are pulled by ______ to build in the inside.

Answer 24

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Question 25

Tuberosity

Answer 25

A large rounded projection

Question 26

Crest

Answer 26

A narrow (sharp) prominent bony ridge

Question 27

Trochanter

Answer 27

Large, blunt irregular shaped processes

Question 28

Fovea

Answer 28

A pit, used for attachment

Question 29

Line

Answer 29

A narrow ridge of bone

Question 30

Tubercle

Answer 30

A nodule or small rounded process

Question 31

Epicondyle

Answer 31

Raised projection on or above a condyle

Question 32

Spine

Answer 32

A slender, pointed projection

Question 33

Head

Answer 33

Larger end of the bone

Question 34

Facet

Answer 34

A smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Question 35

Condyle

Answer 35

A rounded articular projection

Question 36

Ramus

Answer 36

A projecting part or elongated bar of bone

Question 37

Fossa

Answer 37

A shallow, basin-like depression

Question 38

Meatus

Answer 38

A canal

Question 39

Sinus

Answer 39

A cavity within a bone

Question 40

Sulcus

Answer 40

A groove

Question 41

Fissure

Answer 41

A narrow, slit-like opening

Question 42

Foramen

Answer 42

A hole

Question 43

What three types of connective tissue are derived from Mesenchyme?

Answer 43

CT proper, Cartilage, Osseous Tissue

Question 44

Growth of bone or cartilage due to the addition of bony matrix or cartilage to the outer surface (just under periosteum)

Answer 44

Appositional growth

Question 45

Little canals that connect lacunae and osteoctyes to eachother

Answer 45

Canaliculi

Question 46

Immature cartilage cells (responsible for matrix production)

Answer 46

Chondroblast

Question 47

Mature cartilage cell (usually trapped in lacunae)

Answer 47

Chondrocyte

Question 48

Canal lined with endosteum to supply blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve to bone

Answer 48

Haversian canal

Question 49

Enlargement of cells

Answer 49

Hypertrophy

Question 50

Cartilage growth due to mitosis of chondrocytes (may occur along epiphyseal plate of long bone to increase bone length)

Answer 50

Interstitial growth

Question 51

A small cavity (often houses cartilage or bone cells)

Answer 51

Lacunae

Question 52

Concentric rings or tubes of the bone matrix

Answer 52

(Concentric) lamellae

Question 53

Embryonic CT cell (gives rise to all other CT)

Answer 53

Mesenchymal cell

Question 54

Process of bone formation

Answer 54

Ossification

Question 55

Immature, matrix producing bone cell

Answer 55

Osteoblast

Question 56

Cells that act to reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue

Answer 56

Osteoclasts

Question 57

Mature bone cell (usually trapped w/in lacunae)

Answer 57

Osteocyte

Question 58

The functional and structural unit of compact bone. They consist of tiny structural pillars made of concentric rings or tubes of bone

Answer 58

Osteon

Question 59

Tiny needle-like bits of bone (connect to form traneculae)

Answer 59

Spicules of bone

Question 60

A thick, fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the entire external surface of bone, with the exception of the articular surface

Answer 60

Periosteum

Question 61

A cellular membrane lining the spicules, trabeculae, canals, and medullary cavity of bone

Answer 61

Endosteum