Lab 6-Lycopodiophyta & Monilophyta (Vascular Plants)

Question 1

A major vascular plant phyla is ____

Answer 1

Lycopodiophyta

Question 2

Lycopodiophyta include two ___ orders and three ___ orders

Answer 2

extinct, extant (living)

Question 3

All plants in Lycopodiophyta have ___ and ___. They have a very simple leaf structure known as a ___

Answer 3

roots and stems, microphyll (one vascular bundle)

Question 4

Selaginellales and Isoetales (Lycopodiophyta) are characterized by having ___ on their microphylls and are ___

Answer 4

ligules (tongue-like prtuberance); heterosporous

Question 5

Lycodiales (Lycopodiophyta) lack ___ and are ___

Answer 5

ligules, homosporous (one size spore)

Question 6

The three extant orders in Lycopodiophyta are

Answer 6

1.Lycopodiales
2.Selaginellales
3.Isoetales

Question 7

Heterosporous means there are spores of two ___ sizes, called ___ and ___

Answer 7

different, megaspores, microspores

Question 8

Microspores grow into the ___ ___

Answer 8

male gametophyte

Question 9

Megaspores grow into the ___ ___

Answer 9

female gametophyte

Question 10

Spores are produced on the ___ of Lycopodiophyta

Answer 10

strobili

Question 11

The fertile leaf that protects the sporangium on club mosses (lycopodiophyta)___. It is often called ___

Answer 11

sporophylls, cones

Question 12

Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) have a reduced ___

Answer 12

gametophyte

Question 13

Where do asexual spores formed in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta)

Answer 13

on sporophylls, the leaf that bears sporangia where it happens

Question 14

Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) are homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 14

homosporous

Question 15

Is the xylem maturation direction in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta) exarch or endarch?

Answer 15

Exarch

Question 16

What type of stele is present in Club mosses (lycopodiophyta)

Answer 16

Protostele

Question 17

How does the strobilus differ in club mosses compared to Selaginella (lycopodiophyta)?

Answer 17

it is reproductive; produces spores! Heterosporous

Question 18

What habitat can Isoetales (lycopodiophyta) be found in?

Answer 18

aquatic

Question 19

What structure is unique in the sporophylls of Isoetales (lycopodiophyta) compared to Selaginella (lycopodiophyta)?

Answer 19

a velum

Question 20

Monilophyta has three orders:

Answer 20

whisk ferns (psilotales), horsetails (equisetales), and true ferns (polypodiales)

Question 21

What kind of branching is dichotomous?

Answer 21

the simplest

Question 22

Horsetails (equisetales) have only __ order and ___ genus

Answer 22

one, one

Question 23

A sporangiophore is a ___

Answer 23

branch

Question 24

How do canals form on Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 24

internode elongates and tears; forms canals

Question 25

Pith canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ region

Answer 25

pith

Question 26

Vallecular canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ region

Answer 26

cortex

Question 27

Carinal canal on Horsetails (equisetales) comes from the ___ tissue

Answer 27

protoxylem

Question 28

What is the possible function for the canals on Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 28

convey water from one node to another? Water retention, reduction, cavities?

Question 29

What are elators on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 29

cell that is hygroscopic (changes shape in response to moisture in enviroment)

Question 30

What is the function of elators on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 30

spore dispersal

Question 31

Are the elators attached to the spores on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 31

attached to the spore capsule; haploid (2n) elators

Question 32

What happens if water is added to the spores that are dry on the sporangiophore (branch) of Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 32

they explode; "dance"

Question 33

The gametophyte of Horsetails (equisetales) still relies on ___ for the sperm to swim to the egg

Answer 33

water

Question 34

How is sexual reproduction accomplished in the gametophyte of the Equisetum; Horsetails (equisetales) ?

Answer 34

through gametes that get fertilized (bi-sexual); homosporous

Question 35

Ferns are the most ___ of the seedless vascular plants. There are over ___ species

Answer 35

derived, 11000

Question 36

Order Polypodiales (ferns) have a sporophyte plant that has an ___ rhizome and roots

Answer 36

underground

Question 37

Order Polypodiales (ferns) have highly divided ___ leaves

Answer 37

compound

Question 38

Order Polypodiales (ferns); Frond = ___ = ___

Answer 38

leaf, megaphyll

Question 39

Order Polypodiales (ferns); pinna =___

Answer 39

leaflet

Question 40

Order Polypodiales (ferns); pinnule = ___ of bipinnate leaf

Answer 40

leaflet

Question 41

How do new fronds emerge from Order Polypodiales (ferns)

Answer 41

they unfurl from crosiers (tightly coiled buds)

Question 42

Sporania on Order Polypodiales (ferns) are usually borne on the ___ fronds in clusters known as ___

Answer 42

mature, sori

Question 43

What is the annulus and what is its function on Sword ferns; Order Polypodiales (ferns)

Answer 43

a single row of larger cells; for seed dispersal (via catapult)

Question 44

Are ferns in Order Polypodiales (ferns) homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 44

homosporous

Question 45

What is the shape of a single gametophyte (prothallus) in Order Polypodiales (ferns)?

Answer 45

heart-shaped

Question 46

Is water still required for the sperm to reach the egg in the gametophyte (prothallus) in Order Polypodiales (ferns)?

Answer 46

Yes