Lab Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of the structure
2
Q
Physiology
A
Study of the function
3
Q
Gross anatomy
A
What we can see (I.e. trunk, extremities, head)
4
Q
Microscopic anatomy
A
What we can’t see (I.e. cells, atoms, tissue)
5
Q
Regional
A
Head and abdomen
6
Q
Surface
A
Skin
7
Q
Systemic
A
11 systems of the human body Nervous Skeletal Muscular Digestive Urinary Respiratory Lymphatic (works with immune) Immune Integumentary Endocrine Reproductive
8
Q
Cytology
A
Study of cells
9
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissue
10
Q
Homeostasis
A
The stable internal environment. To survive every organism must maintain homeostasis.
11
Q
Anatomical position
A
Medical terminology; The body standing legs together, arms down by side, palms faced outward.
12
Q
Superior/ Inferior
A
Above
-The knee is superior to the foot
Below
-The hand is inferior to the head
13
Q
Anterior (Ventral)/ Posterior (Dorsal)
A
Front
-The lungs are anterior (ventral)
Back
-The spinal cord is posterior (dorsal)
Dorsal/ventral refers to body cavities
14
Q
Lateral
A
Toward the outside/ away from the midline
15
Q
Medical
A
Toward the middle
16
Q
Proximal
A
Near
Used when speaking on joints
17
Q
Distal
A
Far
Used when speaking on joints
18
Q
Superficial
A
Skin level
19
Q
Deep
A
Muscle level
20
Q
The spine has 24 vertebrae
A
7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic (torso) 5 lumbar (lower back)
21
Q
Pleural
A
Of the lungs
22
Q
Viscera
A
Organs
23
Q
Diaphragm
A
Large muscle below thoracic (under lungs) cavity used when breathing
24
Q
Name the three planes
A
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse
Sagittal
25
Front/ Coronal Plane
Split front and back
| Anterior/ Posterior
26
Transverse Plane
Across the middle
| Superior/ Inferior
27
Sagittal Plane
Split long ways down the middle
(Left and right halves)
Mid-sagittal (inner)
Peri-sagittal (outer)
28
Oblique
At an angle
29
Cephalic
Head
30
Buccal
Cheek
31
Mental
Chin
32
Cervical
Neck
Vertebra 1-7 (C1-C7)
33
Sternal
Breast bone
34
Thoracic
Chest/ upper spine
Next 12 vertebrae (T1-T12)
35
A I’ll art
Armpit
36
Brachial
Arm (shoulder to elbow)
37
Antebrachial
Lower arm (forearm)
38
Carpel
Wrist
39
Palmar
Hand
40
Gluteal
Booty
41
Inguinal
Crease between pelvis and thigh
| v lines
42
Femoral
Thigh
43
Patellar
Knee cap
44
Popliteal
Back of knee
45
Crural
Shin
46
Sural
Calf
47
Calcaneal
Heel
48
Plantar
Bottom of foot/ sole
49
Dorsal body cavity
```
Cranial cavity (brain)
Vertebral cavity (vertebrae)
```
50
Ventral body cavity
Thoracic cavity
- pleural cavity (lungs)
- mediastinum (open cavity top middle)
- pericardial cavity (heart)
Abdominopelvic cavity
- abdominal cavity (liver, stomach, spleen)
- pelvic cavity (reproductive organs)
51
Parts of a microscope (9 total)
Ocular lens (normal lens mag of 10)
Rotating nose piece (turn style of lenses)
Objective lenses
-4x (40 mag): scanning, largest FOV, starting point
-10x (100 mag): low power
-40x (400 mag): high power
Arm (backbone)
Base (where light sits, bottom)
Stage (where slides sit)
Coarse and fine adjustment knobs (large knob used to focus)
Condenser (just under stage, focuses light)
Iris diaphragm (small lever on bottom of condenser, controls amount of light let in)
Light/ lamp (light source on base, under condenser)
52
pH scale
Gauges substances acid vs base
0-14 (0 most acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 most basic)
Acids have more hydrogen ions, more hydrogen more acidity. They are also proton donors.
Bases are proton acceptors as they have very little hydrogen ions
53
What is the human bodies pH?
7.35- 7.45
54
Epithelial tissue
Fxn: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception
Avascular
Skin, cheek
55
Epithelial tissues to know (6 total)
```
Simple squamous- lung
Simple cuboidal- kidney
Simple columnar- intestine
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar (cilia)- trachea
Stratified squamous- skin and vagina
Transitional- urinary bladder
```
56
Connective tissue
Most abundant
Fxn: protect, support, and bind other tissues of body
Composed of many types of cells in an extracellular matrix
57
Extracellular matrix
Noncellular, non-living material between cells
I.e. fibers and ground substance (collagen, elastic, reticular)
58
Connective tissues to know (11 total)
Areolar loose connective- fibrous, under skin tissue (areolar tissue)
Reticular- see above (spleen)
Adipose loose connective-fat, soap bubble shape (adipose tissue)
Dense regular connective- tendons, ribbon shape
Dense irregular connective- dermal layer, swirly shape
Dense elastic connective- able to be stretched (aorta)
Hyaline cartilage (joint or trachea)
Fibrous cartilage- cushions between vertebrae and joints (articular disk)
Elastic cartilage (ear, nose)
Bone-osseous tissue, connects whole body, tree trunk shape (bone)
Blood- only fluid connective, little dot shaped (blood)
59
Muscle tissue
Fxn: produce body movements, move substances through body, control size of certain organs
60
Muscle tissue to know(3 total)
Skeletal- muscle, stripy look
Cardiac- heart, v shaped
Smooth- smooth muscle, smooth look
61
Nervous tissue
Two cell types: neurons and neuroglia
Blob with tail shape
Neuron fxn: communication, regulation (excitable cells that transmit electrical impulses)
Neuroglia fxn: protect, support, insulate neurons (do not transmit electrical signal)
62
Apical
Surface tissue
63
Basal (basalar)
Deep tissue
64
Simple
1 layer (simple squamous)
65
Squamous
Flat cells
66
Cuboidal
Cube shaped cells
67
Columnar
Column shaped cells
68
Psuedostratified
Kinda layered cells
69
Transitional epithelial
Stacked cube shaped cells
70
Protein
Creates cell structure, buffers for acids and bases in body, cell transport
71
Exocyotsis
Leaving the cell
72
ATP
Carbohydrates and oxygen give us 32 ATP that store in mitochondria, it is energy for constantly working organs
73
Centrioles, cytoskeleton, desmosomes
Structure or skeleton of cells
Desmosomes are like guide wires spread across the cell to hold up the cell walls from inside
