Lab 8

Question 1

includes organisms that are eukaryotic multicelled heterotrophs

Answer 1

Kingdom Animalia

Question 2

capable of movement

Answer 2

motile

Question 3

permanently attached or immobile

Answer 3

sessile

Question 4

reproduction involving fusion of gametes (egg and sperm); the most common form of reproduction

Answer 4

sexual reproduction

Question 5

early embryonic stage unique to animals; hollow ball stage

Answer 5

blastula

Question 6

reproduction including budding and fragmentation

Answer 6

asexual reproduction

Question 7

groups of like cells that perform a specific function

Answer 7

tissues

Question 8

What do tissues group to form?

Answer 8

organs

Question 9

List two examples of an organ.

Answer 9

heart, stomach

Question 10

Organs link into ___ to more efficiently perform functions, such as distribution of blood or digestion.

Answer 10

organ systems

Question 11

animals without a backbone; most animals are this

Answer 11

invertebrates

Question 12

animals which have vertebrae/backbones

Answer 12

chordates

Question 13

animals lacking symmetry

Answer 13

asymmetrical

Question 14

Give an example of an asymmetrical animal.

Answer 14

most sponges

Question 15

symmetry with body parts arranged around a central axis

Answer 15

radial symmetry

Question 16

List some examples of a radially symmetrical animal.

Answer 16

other sponges, jellyfish, adult sea stars, a hydra

Question 17

symmetry where the sides of the body are mirror images; linked to cephalization

Answer 17

bilateral symmetry

Question 18

What is the most common type of symmetry in animals?

Answer 18

bilateral symmetry

Question 19

the concentration of sensory structures in the head

Answer 19

cephalization

Question 20

Give an example of an animal with bilateral symmetry.

Answer 20

a crayfish

Question 21

animal-like protists

Answer 21

protozoa

Question 22

the mouth, which brings in food and releases waste, is the only opening; a sac-like gut

Answer 22

incomplete gut

Question 23

has both a mouth and an anus with a tubular digestive tract between; called a one-way gut

Answer 23

complete gut

Question 24

Which type of gut is more efficient?

Answer 24

complete gut

Question 25

organisms that lack a body cavity

Answer 25

acoelomates

Question 26

a fluid-filled space within the body, lined on the outside with muscle tissue, surrounding the unsupported gut; a false body cavity

Answer 26

pseudocoelom

Question 27

a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscle tissue

Answer 27

true coelom

Question 28

include annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates (regarding lack/presence of body cavity)

Answer 28

coelomates

Question 29

characteristics include: multicellular heterotrophic organisms, typically motile at some point during their life cycle, most common mode of reproduction is sexual (sperm and ova)

Answer 29

Kingdom Animalia

Question 30

pores that lead into the spongocoel

Answer 30

ostia

Question 31

a cavity in the center of the sponge

Answer 31

spongocoel

Question 32

a large opening at the top of the sponge through which water exits

Answer 32

osculum

Question 33

makes up the outer surface of the sponge body

Answer 33

epidermis

Question 34

Most sponges are ___. | how they get their food

Answer 34

filter feeders

Question 35

flagellated cells that circulate water and food through the body of the sponge, pull microscopic bits of organic matter into the cells for partial digestion

Answer 35

collar cells

Question 36

cells that move like amoeba through a gel-like matrix and perform several functions

Answer 36

amoebocytes

Question 37

tiny pointed crystalline structures made of calcium carbonate (chalky sponges) or silica (glassy sponges)

Answer 37

spicules

Question 38

functions of amoebocytes

Answer 38

produce protein fibers and spicules, secrete matrix and collect waste, form both egg and sperm for sexual reproduction

Question 39

What do sponges share their food with?

Answer 39

amoebocytes

Question 40

can deter predators and add support for sponges, used to identify a sponge species

Answer 40

spicules

Question 41

In sponges, asexual reproduction forms via ___.

Answer 41

budding or fragmentation

Question 42

roots that form from parts of the plant other than an embryonic root, called prop roots

Answer 42

adventitious roots

Question 43

can serve in the process of natural cloning when parts of plants break loose from the parent plant and take root in soil, used in artificial cloning when people use cuttings to grow additional plants

Answer 43

adventitious roots

Question 44

pore-bearing filter feeders, asymmetrical (or radial symmetry), no true tissues, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction via budding and fragmentation, aquatic environments mostly marine, adult sessile

Answer 44

sponges

Question 45

In Cnidarians, like cells combine to form true ___, an advancement over sponges.

Answer 45

tissue layers

Question 46

stinging cells found in the epidermis of cnidarians

Answer 46

cnidoblasts

Question 47

tiny barbs contained in cnidoblasts

Answer 47

nematocyst

Question 48

a one-way gut with the opening serving as both the mouth and anus

Answer 48

gastrovascular cavity

Question 49

extensions of the body wall which surround the mouth in cnidarians

Answer 49

tentacles

Question 50

cnidarian body form: | a sessile stalk that holds the tentacles up from the substrate

Answer 50

polyp

Question 51

cnidarian body form: | free-swimming with tentacles hanging below the bell shaped body of the organism

Answer 51

medusa

Question 52

Name the gonads that Hydra form in the body wall.

Answer 52

spermary and ovary

Question 53

cnidoblasts with nematocysts, motile medusa stage and sessile polyp stage, body composed of tissue layers around central axis (radial symmetry), acoelomate (no coelom), incomplete gut (one opening), sexual (gametes) and asexual (budding and fragmentation) reproduction

Answer 53

cnidarians

Question 54

3 main classes of flatworms

Answer 54

free-living flatworms, parasitic flukes, tapeworms

Question 55

flatworm tissues which are arranged in three layers and organized into organ systems

Answer 55

true tissues

Question 56

pigmented light-sensitive areas in the head of the worm (Planaria)

Answer 56

eyespots

Question 57

a tube that leads into and out of the gastrovascular cavity

Answer 57

pharynx

Question 58

leads into the pharynx and two elongated intestines, used when Planaria feed

Answer 58

mouth

Question 59

one type of parasitic flatworm; | most have at least two hosts: a mollusk and a vertebrate

Answer 59

flukes

Question 60

primary feature of the "head" of flukes, attaches to the host and serves as a mouth leading to the digestive system

Answer 60

oral sucker

Question 61

Flukes have 2 elongated ___ which run the length of the body. (a forked gastrovascular cavity)

Answer 61

intestines

Question 62

serves for additional attachment in flukes

Answer 62

ventral sucker

Question 63

Most flukes are ___, having both male and female organs.

Answer 63

hermaphrodites

Question 64

branched sexual organ found near the posterior end of Chlonorchis (Chinese liver fluke)

Answer 64

testes

Question 65

one type of parasitic flatworm; | eliminated the mouth and digestive tract, absorbing nourishment and getting rid of waste by diffusion

Answer 65

tapeworms

Question 66

hold the tapeworm in the hosts' intestines

Answer 66

hooks or suckers

Question 67

head and neck of tapeworm

Answer 67

scolex

Question 68

name for reproductive organs in tapeworms

Answer 68

proglottids

Question 69

attached to the scolex, contain underdeveloped reproductive organs (in tapeworms)

Answer 69

immature proglottids

Question 70

contain developed reproductive organs where fertilization takes place (in tapeworms)

Answer 70

mature proglottids

Question 71

the testes have degenerated and an enlarged uterus is full if fertilized eggs can be easily seen (in tapeworms)

Answer 71

gravid proglottids

Question 72

free-living and parasitic, true tissues and organs, bilateral symmetry with cephalization, acoelomate, incomplete forked gut or no gut, reproduction occurs through gametes (monoecious and dioecious)

Answer 72

flatworms

Question 73

unsegmented roundworms

Answer 73

nematodes

Question 74

intestinal parasite belonging to phylum Nematoda

Answer 74

Ascaris

Question 75

parasitic roundworm, usually infests the muscle tissue of pork, can become encysted in the muscles of humans who eat insufficiently cooked pork, has cyst wall

Answer 75

Trichinella