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genetics > Lab 8 - DNA Extraction > Flashcards

Lab 8 - DNA Extraction Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism is used to…

A

Predict
Bitter-Tasting Ability
& DNA Extraction

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2
Q

what does the genomic DNA carry?

A

Genetic material

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3
Q

Genetic DNA contains:

A

All information of the cell structure and function of the organism

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4
Q

What does the genetic DNA code for?

A

All processes necessary for cell life (ex. Protein synthesis)

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5
Q

Is protein synthesis necessary for cell life?

A

yes

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6
Q

Why does genetic DNA replicate accurately?

A

So that progeny cells has the same information as parental cells.

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7
Q

What does the genetic materials of most living organisms (and many viruses) consist of?

A

Double stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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8
Q

Chemical composition of DNA

A

DNA is a linear polymer made up of 4 different nucleotides.

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9
Q

A nucleotide consists of 3 components:

A

Deoxyribose
four nitrogenous bases
phosphate group

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10
Q

How are carbon atoms in pentose sugar numbered?

A

1’ to 5’

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11
Q

What is the (‘) called?

A

Prime

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12
Q

What is the prime used to distinguish?

A

Carbon atoms in the sugar ring from the carbons of the nitrogenous base ring

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13
Q

How do DNA and RNA sugars differ?

A

By chemical groups attached to the 2’ carbon.

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14
Q

What is the 2’ in DNA connected to?

A

Hydrogen atom as deoxyribose.

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15
Q

What is the 2’ in RNA connected to?

A

Hydroxyl group as ribose

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16
Q

In DNA and RNA, Nitrogenous Bases are always attached to the 1’ carbon
atom of the pentose sugar by what type of bond?

A

Covalent Bond

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17
Q

Covalent bond

A

Involved the sharing of pairs of electrons.

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18
Q

In DNA and RNA, Phosphate Group is always attached to what carbon atom?

A

5’ carbon atom of the pentose sugar

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19
Q

In DNA and RNA, Nitrogenous Bases are always attached to what carbon atom?

A

1’ carbon atom of the pentose sugar

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20
Q

In DNA there are 2 types of nitrogenous bases:

A

Pyrimidine (cytosine and thymine) and Purine (guanine and Adenine)

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21
Q

RNA Nitrogenous bases:

Study These Flashcards
A

Pyrimidine (Cytosine and uracil)
and Purine (Guanine and Adenine)

22
Q

What carbon atom is the phosphate group attached to?

Study These Flashcards
A

5’ carbon of the sugar

23
Q

Nucleoside is a molecule that contains:

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A

Sugar and Base

24
Q

What is Nucleoside converted to?

25
How is nucleoside converted to nucleotide?
By attachment of the phosphate group to th 5' carbon of the sugar.
26
A nucleotide is also called:
Nucleoside Phosphate
27
Nucleotides bind together to form:
Polynucleotide chain of DNA
28
Covalent bonds that link between subsequent nucleotides are called:
Phosphodiester bonds
29
The First Nucleotide in the chain has a free 5’-Phosphate group called:
5' Phosphate end terminus
30
The last Nucleotide in the chain has free 3’-Hydroxyl group called:
3' Hydroxyl end terminus
31
What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
A single nucleotide base change in DNA sequence
32
Polymorphism is known as
changed 'bit state' at a nucleotide address
33
SNPs are ‘conserved’ across the genome, often in patterns called:
Haplotype blocks or linked SNP's
34
Most simple form of genetic polymorphism in the human genome:
SNP
35
How often does SNP occur in the intron region of genes and exons?
2/3 introns and 1/3 exons
36
SNPs may be harmful (true or false)
true
37
SNP may be harmful and lead to..:
amino acid substitution in a protein, mutation, and can lead to cancer
38
SNP can result from
DNA replication errors
39
Association genetics
to correlate SNP with a certain trait or disease
40
All resistant people have
A at position 4
41
All susceptible people have
T at position 4
42
genetic DNA variations
SNP polymorphisms deletion duplication inversion translocation transposition change in chromosomal numbers.
43
genetic polymorphism is common but mutations are rare (true or false)
true
44
types of mRNA universal genetic codon SNPs:
Synonymous nonsynonymous
45
two types of nucleotide base substitutions that lead to SNPs
Transition substitution transversion substitution
46
Why do we have taste? Sugar:
To identify energy-rich sugar
47
Why do we have taste? Salt:
Ensure proper dietary electrolyte balance.
48
Why do we have taste? Sour and bitter:
Warning against the intake of possibly harmful or poisonous substances.
49
Why do we have taste? Umami
Recognizes amino acids and proteins
50

genetics (2 decks)

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