LAB - ABO BLOO DTYPING - FORWARD TYPING SLIDE METHOD

Question 1

what are we determining in abo forward blood typing?

Answer 1

antigen

Question 2

he contributed in the Discovery of the first
human blood group
system

Answer 2

karl landsteiner

Question 3

year when ABO
Discovered

Answer 3

1901

Question 4

first to conduct reverse and forward typing

Answer 4

karl landsteiner

Question 5

the first human blood group discovered

Answer 5

ABO blood group

Question 6

year ___, the 4th blood group was been discovered

Answer 6

1902

Question 7

on year 1902, they discovered the 4th blood group

Answer 7

Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli

Question 8

3 phrases or components that determines THE LANDSTEINER LAW

Answer 8

1. the antigen is present on the RBC surface and determines the blood group/type

2, the corresponding antibody is never found in the individual’s serum

3. the opposite naturally occurring antibody is always present in the individual’s serum

Question 9

blood group A’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

Answer 9

antigen - A
antibody - anti-B

Question 10

blood group B’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

Answer 10

antigen - B
antibody - anti-A

Question 11

blood group AB’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

Answer 11

antigen - AB
antibody - none

Question 12

blood group O’s antigen on the rbc surface and the antibody in serum is

Answer 12

antigen - none
antibody - anti A and anti B

Question 13

in landsteiner law, we are determining ___ and can be observed in ___

Answer 13

naturally occuring antibodies in reverse typing

Question 14

specimen used in forward blood typing

Answer 14

patient’s red cellsr

Question 15

reagent used in forward blood typing

Answer 15

anti sera

Question 16

Uses known sources of commercial
anti-sera (anti-A, anti-B) to detect
antigens on an patient’s RBC

Answer 16

forward blood typing

Question 17

purpose of anti AB portion in forward blood typing serves as

Answer 17

control

Question 18

what blood groups react in anti AB antisera

Answer 18

Blood, A, B, and AB

basically, all blood groups that has A and B antigen

Question 19

can blood group O react in anti AB reagent in forward blood typing?

Answer 19

naur, walang A or B antigen ang blood group O

Question 20

among the slide and tube method, which one is more preferred and considered as the standard when it comes to ABO typing

Answer 20

tube method

because, slide can only indicate strong and weak reaction.

Question 21

a type of abo typing which can give us the degree of agglutination

Answer 21

tube method forward abo typing

Question 22

the anti sera is one of the example of ___

Answer 22

monoclonal antibodies

Question 23

blood group AB is ____ in nature

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

blood group O is ____ in nature

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

blood type is produced or expressed by

Answer 25

glycosyl transferases and immunodominant sugar

Question 26

for specificity of the cell once it is expressed

Answer 26

immunodominant sugar

Question 27

group discrepancy in forward typing

Answer 27

group 2

Question 28

the least frequency encountered discrepancy in abo typing

Answer 28

group 2 as we rarely encounter problem in forward typing

Question 29

ABO antigens They can be demonstrated as early as _____ of fetal life

Answer 29

second month

Question 30

The _____ antigen appears to be weak at birth but at the age of one year, agglutinogens reach final strength

Answer 30

A antigen

Question 31

They persist throughout life analtered. However, abnormal antigens may be found as acquired characteristics in _______ (weak A antigen) and _____ (abnormal secretion of ABH substance)

Answer 31

leukemia; cancer

Question 32

abo antigens are found in _____ aside from blood

Answer 32

They may be found in saliva, pancreatic secretions, gastric secretions of people who are secretors.

Question 33

can abo antigens may be found in bacteria and other species?

Answer 33

yess

Question 34

abo antigens They are present in some animals and plants as ______

Answer 34

lectins

Question 35

_____ are plants or seed extracts diluted to agglutinate specific human blood group antigens:

Answer 35

Lectins

Question 36

example of Lectins

Answer 36

Dolichos biflorus Bandeiraea simplicifolia Ulex europaeus

Question 37

a lectin that agglutinates A1 or A1B cells (anti-A1 lectin)

Answer 37

Dolichos biflorus

Question 38

a lectin that agglutinates B cells (anti-B lectin)

Answer 38

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

Question 39

a lectin that agglutinates O cells (H specificity) and other ABO blood groups depending on the amount of H antigen (antiH lectin

Answer 39

Ulex europaeu

Question 40

Present in low titer or even absent in cases of acquired and congenital ____

Answer 40

hypogammaglobulinemia and agamma globulinemia

Question 41

are we allowed to release a result of a forward typing of a newborn?

Answer 41

yes, but not the reverse as the titer of a newborn is weaker in reverse than the forward

Question 42

is H antigen part of ABO system?

Answer 42

naur, H antigen is not part as it's the precursor of A and B antigen

Question 43

steps in abo forward typing slide method

Answer 43

prepare a slide (label anti A and anti B) put 1 drop of anti sera in each label put 1 drop of blood sample on each mix the reagent and the blood using a clean applicator stick tilt the slide and observe for agglutination reaction read the result within 2 mnsare

Question 44

are we allowed to read the result after 2 mns for abo forward slide typing?

Answer 44

nope

Question 45

which comes first? the anti sera or the blood?

Answer 45

antisera first to avoid contamination of the blood sample

Question 46

why are we not allowed release result beyond 2 mns?

Answer 46

can cause false result