lab book med terms Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
assessment
A
the measurement or quantification of a variable or the placement of a value on something (not an examination or evaluation)
2
Q
caregiver
A
the person who is treating or working with the pt
3
Q
communication
A
the exchange of information through verbal, written, or nonverbal means
4
Q
documentation
A
written, printed, or electronic matter conveying authoritative information, records, or evidence
5
Q
electrodiagnostic tests
A
the use of an electrical current to assist with the diagnosis of a pt’s condition
6
Q
evaluation
A
the dynamic process in which the practitioner makes clinical judgments based on data gathered during the examination and identifies problems pertinent to pt management
7
Q
examination
A
the process of obtaining a history, performing relevant systems reviews, and selecting and administering specific tests and measures
8
Q
goniometry
A
the measurement of the range of motion of a joint of the body
9
Q
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
A
HIPAA
- a federal law enacted to protect health care-related information
10
Q
kinesthesia
A
the sense by which position, weight and movement are perceived
11
Q
orthosis
A
an orthopedic appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to replace the function of parts of the body
12
Q
outcome measure
A
a quantifiable or objective means to determine the effectiveness of treatment or performance that is usually expressed in functional terms
13
Q
POMR
A
problem-oriented medical record: a system developed to organize a medical record that uses a common list of pt problems as its base
14
Q
proprioception
A
perception mediated by proprioceptors or proprioceptive testing
- sensation and awareness about the movements and position of body parts or the body
15
Q
prosthesis
A
the artificial replacement of an absent body part
16
Q
radiograph
A
an image or a record produced on exposed or processed film through radiography
- roentgenogram
17
Q
AIDS
A
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
18
Q
asepsis
A
absence of microorganisms that produce disease
- the prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition
19
Q
contamination
A
when something is rendered unclean or nonsterile
20
Q
decontamination
A
the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood-borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point at which they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered sage for handling, use or disposal
21
Q
disinfection
A
the destruction or removal of pathogenic organisms by not necessarily their spores
22
Q
health care-associated infections
A
infections associated with health care delivery in any setting
- previously known as nosocomial infection
23
Q
hepatitis
A
inflammation of the liver
24
Q
infection
A
the production of a disease or harmful condition by the entrance of disease-producing germs into an organism
25
isolation
separation from others
26
medical asepsis
practices that help reduce the number and spread of microorganisms
27
microorganism
a tiny living animal or plant that can cause disease
28
nosocomial
pertaining only to infections originating in a hospital
29
pathogen
a microorganism that produces disease
30
PPE
personal protective equipment
- various barriers and respirators used alone or in combination to protect skin, mucous membranes, eyes, airways, and clothing from contact with infectious agents
- gloves, respirators, masks, face shields, goggles, show covers, caps, gowns
31
respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
CDC standard that applies to all persons entering a health care setting (visitors, pts, and health care personnel)
32
sepsis
the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues
33
spore
a hard, thick-walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains only the essential parts of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell
34
sterile
containing no microorganism
| - free from germs
35
sterilization
process by which all microorganisms are destroyed
36
surgical asepsis
practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms
37
wound
a bodily injury caused by physical means, with disruption of the normal continuity of structures
38
anterior
situated at or directed toward the front of a body or object
39
BOS
base of support
| - the area on which an object rests and that provides support for the object
40
COG
the point at which the mass of a body or object is centered
41
dysfunction
disturbance, impairment, or abnormality of functioning of a body part
42
friction
the act of rubbing one object against another
43
gravity
the force that pulls toward the center of the earth and affects all objects
44
isometric
maintaining or pertaining to the same length
45
kyphosis
abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
46
lateral
pertaining to a side (away from the midline)
47
lever arm
a component of a mechanical lever
- it may be the force arm or the weight (resistance)
- when the length of the force arm is increased or the length of the weight arm is decreased, a greater mechanical advantage is created fro the lever system
48
lordosis
an increase in one of the forward convexities of the normal vertebral columns
- lumbar or cervical
49
medial
pertaining to or situated toward the midline of the body
50
recumbent
lying down
51
squat
to sit on the heels with the knees fully net
52
stoop
to bend the body forward or downward by partially bending the knees
53
torque
the expression of the effectiveness of a force in turning a lever system
T = F x D
54
valsalva maneuver
increased intrathoracic pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis
55
vector
a quantity possessing magnitude and direction, such as a force or velocity
56
VGL
vertical gravity line
| - imaginary vertical line that passes through the COG of an object
57
ascend
to go or move upward
58
condyle
rounded projection on a bone
59
crash bar
the metal bar on a door that disengages the door latch when it is pushed
60
descend
to go down
61
femoral
pertaining to the femur
62
independent
able to function or perform without assistance from another person
63
locomotion
the ability to move from one place to another
64
pedal
pertaining to the foot or feet
65
pneumatic
of or containing air or gases
66
popliteal
pertaining to the area behind the knee
67
propulsion
the act of propelling
| - movement of a wheelchair by the person in the chair or by another person
68
restraint
the forcible confinement or restriction of movement of a person through the use of belts, straps or other similar items
69
self-closing device
a device attached to a door that closes the door through the use of compressed fluid or air
70
semipneumatic
partially containing air or gases
71
anteroposterior
from the front to the back of an object or a living being
72
bariatric
field of medicine that is concerned with weight loss or that deals with causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity
73
contralateral
on the other side
74
dependent
requiring some level or type of assistance, which may be human or mechanical
- the pt is unable to assist with transfers
75
draw sheet
a small sheet or linen pad placed underneath the pt that extends from the upper trunk to midthigh
76
exacerbation
an increase in the severity of disease or any of its symptoms
77
gait belt
an adjustable belt or strap that is secured around a pt's waist or hips and is used to protect and control the pt during gait activities or transfers
78
graft
any tissue or organ for transplantation or implantation
79
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
80
ipsilateral
homolateral (same side)
81
mobility
the ability to move in an environment with ease and without restriction
82
osteoporosis
a decreased mass per unit volume of normally mineralized bone compared with that in age-matched and sex-matched control subjects
- loss of bone mass
83
paralysis
loss of power and voluntary movement in a mm through injury or disease of its nerve supply
84
paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
85
plinth
a padded table for a pt to sit or lie on while performing exercises, receiving a massage, or undergoing other physical therapy treatment
86
syncope
temporary suspension of consciousness as a result of cerebral anemia
- fainting
87
transfer
the moving of a pt from one surface to another surface
88
vertigo
a sensation of rotation or movement of one's self or of one's surroundings
89
stereognosis
the ability to recognize the form of an object by touch
90
joint commision
private, nonprofit organization whose purpose is to encourage the attainment of uniformly high standards of institutional medical care
91
two-point discrimination
the ability to recognize or differentiate two blunt points when they are simultaneously applied to the skin
92
ambulation
act of walking or being able to walk
93
Affected
Attacked by disease, afflicted
94
assistive device
A piece of equipment used to provide support or stability for a pt when he or she is walking
95
Axillary crutches
Adjustable or non adjustable wooden or metal crutches that fit under a pt’s upper arms and into the axillary and have a hand piece to grasp
96
Forearm crutches
Wooden or metal crutches with a full or half cuff that fits over a pts’ forearms and that have a hand piece to grasp
(Lofstrand or Canadian crutches)
97
Four-point gait
Repetitive, alternating, reciprocal forward movement of an assistive device and a patient’s opposite lower extremity
98
Immobilized
An object or apparatus that immobilizes or prevents motion, such as a cast or brace
99
monitor
To check on a given physiological condition or phenomenon, such as blood pressure or heart respiration rate
100
Parallel bars
Adjustable or non adjustable wooden or metal bars that are horizontal and parallel to each other and attached to vertical uprights to provide stable, non mobile support for a person who requires an assistive device
101
Platform attachment
Wooden or metal crutches with an adjustable or non adjustable platform for a patients forearm to rest on and aid in WB
102
Quad cane
A cane with 3-4ft that forms a wider BOS than the single crutch tip
- crab, 3 or 4 footed, hemi cane
103
Reciprocal
Corresponding but reversed on both sides
104
Riser
A vertical piece of wood joining two steps
| - the back of the step
105
Three-one-point gait (PWB)
(PWB)
One LE is FWB and the contraLE is PWB
- pt uses bilat canes, crutches, or a walker to partially support BW as pt bears weight on PWB LE
- the FWB LE advances independently and the assistive devices and PWB LE advance simultaneously
106
Three-one-point gait (NWB)
(NWB)
One LE is FWB and the contra LE is NWB
- pt uses bilat crutches or a walker to suppport his or her weight when the weight-bearing LE advances
107
Tripod position
The use of 3 points as supports, such as a cane or crutch tips and a pt’s feet, with the tips in front of and to the side of the pt’s feet to from a base of support when the pt stands
108
Two-point gait
Repetitive, simultaneous, reciprocal forward movement of an assistive device and a person’s opposite LE
109
Walker
An assistive device that usually has four contacts that are placed on the floor and a frame to support the pt’s weight and provide stability during ambulation
110
Anticoagulation
The use of drugs to render the blood suffiently unable to create a clot or mass to discourage thrombosis
111
Arrhythmia
Variation from the normal rhythm, esp of heartbeat
112
Arterial monitoring line (A line)
A catheter inserted into an artery and attached to an electronic monitoring system to directly measure arterial BP
113
Catheter
A rubber, plastics, metal, or glass tube used to remove or inject fluids into a pt
114
Comminuted
Broken or crushed into small pieces
115
Cyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
116
Dialysis
The diffusion of solute molecules through a semipermeable membrane passing from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration
- method used in cases of defective renal funciton to remove elements from the blood that are normally excreted in the urine (hemodialysis)
117
Electrocardiogram
EKG or ECG
- a graphic record of the electrical action of the hear derived by amplification of minutely small electrical impulses normally generated by the heart
118
Endotracheal tube
ETT
- a hollow tube, approximately 10 inches long, with an inflatable cuff near one end that is inserted and positioned in the trachea
- after the tube has been positioned, the cuff is inflated to maintain the tube’s position so that the pt can breathe through the tube
119
Fistula
Any abnormal, tube-like passage within body tissue, usually between two internal organs or leading from an internal organ to the body surface
120
Fowler’s position
- Low fowler’s position in which the head of the pt’s bed is raised 15-30 degrees above level
- semi-fowler’s is where the head of the bed is raised 30-45 degrees
- high fowler’s is when the head of the bed is raised 60-90 degrees
* *knees flexed in all 3 positions
121
Hyperventilation
Abnormally prolonged and deep breathing
122
Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of the blood
123
Infusion
Slow therapeutic introduction of fluid other than blood into a vein
124
Infusion pump
(IMED, IVAC)
| - an electronic device designed to automatically control the flow and rate of intravenous fluids into a pt
125
International nomalized ration
(INR)
| - a system established for reporting the results of blood coagulation or clotting tests
126
Intravenous (IV)
Administration of fluids into a vein through the use of a steel needle or plastic catheter
127
Intravenous therapy
The introduction of a fluid into a pt’s vein
| - nutrients or medications may be supplied intravenously
128
Mediastinum
The mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other structures and tissues
129
Micturition
Voiding of urine
130
Monitor
An apparatus designed to observe, report, and measure a given condition or phenomenon such as blood pressure, HR, or RR
131
Myocardial infarction
(MI)
- necrosis of the cells of an area of the heart mm resulting from O2 deprivation caused by obstruction of the blood supply
132
Nasogastric tube
NG
- a plastic tube usually inserted into a nostril and ending in the stomach
- it can be used to remove fluid or gas from the stomach, monitor the digestive function of the stomach, administer medications or nutrients, or obtain specimens of the stomach contents
133
Oximeter
A photoelectrical device that measures oxygen saturation of the blood (pulse ox)
134
Patent
Open, unobstructed, or not closed
135
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung on the affected side
136
Respirator
Ventilator
137
Shunt
A passage or anastomoses between two natural vessels, esp between blood vessels
138
Stoma
An artificial permanent opening, esp in the abdominal wall, that is made in surgical procedures
139
Suprapubic
Above the pubis
140
Swan-ganz catheter
A long intravenous tube inserted into a vein (usually the basilic or subclavian vein) and terminating in the pulmonary artery
- a monitor attached to the catheter measures the pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
- it permits evaluation of cardiac function
141
Tachypnea
Very rapid respirations
142
Tract
A longitudinal assemblage of tissues or organs (esp a bundle of nerve fibers having a common origin, function and termination) or several anatomic structures arranged in a series and serving a common function
143
Traction
The exertion of pulling or distracting force to maintain a proper position of bone ends or joints to facilitate the healing process
144
Trendelenburg position
A position in which the pt lies supine with the head lower than the remainder of the body
145
Ventilator
A mechanical apparatus designed to intermittently or continuously assist or control pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
- respirator
146
Wedge pressure
Intravascular pressure measured by a catheter inserted into the pulmonary artery (swan-ganz catheter) to permit indirect measurement of mean left atrial pressure
