Lab/diagnostic Findings Flashcards
0
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
1
Q
Anticentromere Ab
A
Scleroderma CREST
2
Q
Anti-GBM Ab
A
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis
3
Q
Anti-histone Ab
A
Drug-induced SLE HIPP Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Phenytoin
4
Q
Anti-IgG ab
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic inflammation
Joint pannus
Boutonniere deformity
5
Q
Anti-mitochondrial Ab (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Female
Cholestasis
Portal hypertension
6
Q
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab
ANCAs
A
Vasculitis
C-ANCA : Wegener's
P-ANCA :
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
7
Q
Anti-nuclear Ab
ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA
A
SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)
8
Q
Anti-platelet Ab
A
ITP
9
Q
Anti-topoisomerase Ab
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
10
Q
Anti-GLIADIN
Anti-transglutaminase
Anti-endomysial Antibodies
A
Celiac disease
Diarrhea
Distention
Weight loss
11
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal xray
A
Colorectal CA (usually LEFT sided)
12
Q
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
A
AUER rods
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) especially the promyelocytic (M3) type
13
Q
“Bamboo spine” on xray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis
(Chronic inflammatory arthritis
HLA B27)
14
Q
Basophilic NUCLEAR remnants in RBCs due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
A
HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES
15
Q
Basophilic STIPPLING of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
16
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
17
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
18
Q
Branching, gram-positive RODS with SULFUR granules
A
Actinomycetes israelii
19
Q
Bronchogenic APICAL LUNG tumor
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause HORNER’s SYNDROME (PAM))
20
Q
“Brown tumor” of bone
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of OSTEOLYTIC CYSTS
A
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
21
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
22
Q
Cellular CRESCENTS in Bowman’s capsule
A
Rapidly progressive crescentic GN
23
Q
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
A
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
24
Circular grouping of DARK TUMOR CELLS surrounding PALE NEUROFIBRILS
Homer Wright Rosettes
Neuroblastoma
Retinoblastoma
Medulloblastoma
25
Colonies of mucoid PSEUDOMONAS in lungs
Cystic fibrosis
| AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs
26
Degeneration of DORSAL COLUMN NERVES
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
27
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
| Basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, RESTING tremor, bradykinesia
28
Desquamated epithelium CASTS in sputum
Seen in BA
Can result in whorled mucus plugs
CURSCHMANN's SPIRALS
29
Disarrayed GRANULOSA CELLS in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (GCT of ovary)
30
Dysplastic cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
KOILOCYTES
| HPV: predisposes to cervical CA
31
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
OWL's EYE appearance of CMV
32
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
ORPHAN ANNIE eye nuclei
| Papillary CArcinoma of the thyroid
33
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in LIVER CELL
Mallory bodies (alcohol liver disease)
34
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion IN NERVE cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
35
Eosinophilic GLOBULE in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
36
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of HIPPOCAMPAL NERVE CELLS
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
37
Extracellular AMYLOID deposition in the GRAY matter of brain
Senile Plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
38
Giant B CELLS with BILOBED nuclei with PROMINENT NUCLEOLI ("owl's eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma
39
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duvall bodies (yolk sac tumor)
40
"Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on xray
Beta-thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
--- due to marrow expansion
41
HCG elevated
Hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
Choriocarcinoma
GTD
42
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (RF)
43
Heterophile ANTIBODIES
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
44
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Seen in BA
Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
45
High level of D-dimers
DVT
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
DIC
46
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in MIDDLE or LOWER LUNG LOBES
(Can calcify)
GHON COMPLEX
| Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli
47
"Honeycomb lung" on xray
Interstitial Fibrosis
48
Hypersegmented neutrophils
```
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms;
folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
```
49
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
IDA
LEAD POISONING
THALASSEMIA (HbF sometimes present)
50
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
51
INCREASED AFP in AF/maternal serum
Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina bifida (NTDs)
52
Increased URIC ACID LEVELS
Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics
53
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
54
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
55
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes: immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosomal formation)
56
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on xray
Ulcerative colitis (due to loss of haustra)
57
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's syndrome
58
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
59
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
60
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on xray
Multiple myeloma
61
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
62
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein, usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia
4. Primary amyloidosis
63
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine) ),
Waldenstron's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
64
Mucin-filles cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
65
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
66
Needle-shapes, negatively-birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
67
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
68
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
69
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
70
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
CODMAN's TRIANGLE On xray:
Osteosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
71
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
72
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
73
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of TAU proteins
Neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer's disease.
CJD
74
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies.
| Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality
75
Pseudo-palisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
76
RBC CASTS in urine
Acuteglomerulonephritis
77
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke cells (Leydig cell tumor)
78
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
79
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
80
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
81
Ring-enhancing brain lesion iN AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
82
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma
t(8:14) c-myc activation
Associated with EBV
"Black sky" made up of malignant cells
83
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
84
"Spikes" on basement membrane,
| "Dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
85
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation
High ESR
Multiple myeloma
86
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells"
| Gardnerella vaginalis
87
Thrombi made of white/red. Layers
Lines of ZAHN
Arterial thrombus
Layers of platelets/RBCs
88
"Thumb sign" on lateral xray
Epiglotittis (H. Influenzae)
89
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
90
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative GN
91
Triglyceride accumulation on liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
92
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B-cell; affects the elderly)
93
"Wire-loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
94
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
