Lab: Endocrine System Flashcards by Nathan Rost

Aldosterone

adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa

type of mineralcorticoid
water and electrolyte balance

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

anterior pituitary gland

type of corticotrope
controls hormone production in adrenal cortex

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
(vasopressin)

posterior pituitary
produced in the supraoptic nucleus

stimulates the reabsorption and retention of water by the kidneys

elevates BP by causing arterioles to contract

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Calcitonin

thyroid gland

produced in parafollicular cells
stimulates osteoblasts:
promotes deposition of Ca into bone matrix
decreases blood Ca levels

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Coticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

hypothalamus

stimulates pituitary gland to release ACTH

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Cortisol

adrenal cortex
zona fasciculata

type of glucocorticoid
aids in chronic stress

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Epinephrine

adrenal medulla

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Estrogen

Ovary

generic term for several hormones

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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

anterior pituitary

type of gonadotrope
stimulates production of eggs and sperm

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Glucagon

pancreas
produced by Alpha cells of pancreatic islets

converts glycogen to glucose
increases blood sugar

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Glucocorticoids

adrenal cortex
zona fasciculata

ex. cortisol

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRNH)

hypothalamus

stimulates anterior pituitary to release gonadotropes (FSH and LH)

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Gonadocorticoids

adrenal cortex
zona reticularis

ex. androgens

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Growth hormone (GH)
somatotropin

anterior pituitary

type of somatrope
promotes growth of most of the cells and tissues of the body

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Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

hypothalamus

inhibits anterior pituitary’s release of GH

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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

hypothalamus

stimulates anterior pituitary’s release of GH

Insulin

pancreas
produced by Beta cells of pancreatic islets

converts glucose to glycogen
decreases blood sugar

Lutenizing hormone (LH)

anterior pituitary

type of gonadotrope
stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

Melatonin

pineal gland

increased release at night
regulates sleep/wake cycle
possible role in sexual maturation

Mineralocorticoids

adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa

affect salt and water balance
ex. aldosterone

Norepinephrine

adrenal medulla

Oxytocin (OT)

posterior pituitary
produced in paraventricular nucleus

stimulates contraction of mammary glands causing release of milk;
also causes uterine contractions

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
parathormone

parathyroid gland
produced by chief cells

helps raise Ca blood levels
-promotes intestinal reabsorption
-inhibits urinary excretion
-neuron transmission, muscle contraction, clotting
stimulates osteoclasts

Progesterone

ovary

Prolactin (PRL)

anterior pituitary type of lactotrope stimulates mammary glands to begin production of milk

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

hypothalamus inhibits anterior pituitary's release of PRL

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary's release of PRL

Somatostatin

pancreas also called growth hormone-inhibiting hormone released by Delta cells of pancreatic islets secreted after meals; inhibits secretion of stomach acid; inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon from pancreas; increases efficiency of digestion

Testosterone

testes male secondary sex characteristics

Thymopoietin

thymus regulates and activates T-lymphocytes, aiding in immune system function

Thymosin

thymus regulates and activates T-lymphocytes, aiding in immune system function

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

anterior pituitary type of thyrotrope stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary's release of TSH and PRL

Thyroxine (T4)

thyroid ``` produced in follicular cells formed from iodine and thyroglobin stored in colloid transported by thyroxin-binding globulin increase basal metabolic rates ```

Triiodothyronine (T3)

thyroid ``` produced in follicular cells most active thyroid hormone formed from iodine and thyroglobin stored in colloid transported by thyroxin-binding globulin increase basal metabolic rates ```