LAB EQUIPMENTS Flashcards by Helaena Amor

uses a single lens to view objects

SIMPLE MICROSCOPE

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uses light to view objects

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

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Composition of compound microscope

Oculars or Eyepiece
Objectives

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Types of compound microscope

A. Bright-field Microscope
B.Dark-field Microscope
C.Flouresence Microscope
D.Phase-contrast Microscope

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most commonly used type of
microscope in routine microscopy

Bright-field Microscope

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produce a dark image on a bright
background

Bright-field Microscope

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uses transmitted light to observe
targets at high magnification

Bright-field Microscope

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a brightfield microscope that is
arranged so that the light source is
blocked off, causing light to scatter
as it hits the specimen

Dark-field Microscope

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produces a bright image on a dark
background

Dark-field Microscope

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Coupling compound that bind to certain cellular components

Flourescein

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biological microscope that
observes fluorescence emitted by
samples by using special light
sources such as mercury lamps

Flouresence Microscope

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allows coupling compounds such
as fluorescein to bind to certain
cellular components

Flouresence Microscope

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visualizes minute surface
irregularities by using light
interference

Phase-contrast Microscope

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commonly used to observe living
cells without staining them

Phase-contrast Microscope

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ability of a microscope to produce an image of an object at a scale
larger than its actual size

Magnification

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combination of the eyepieces and the
objective lens

Total Magnification

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Ocular lens magnification =

10x

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4 objective lenses

A. scanning
B. low power field
C. high power field
D. Oil immersion

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scanning =

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low power field =

10x

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high power field =

40x

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Oil immersion =

100x

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Total Magnification formula

Total Magnification = Ocular lens x Objective lens

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ability of a microscope to distinguish details
of a specimen or sample

Resolution/ Resolving Power

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▪︎ wavelength ▪︎ numerical aperture

Resolution/Resolving Power

ability to gather light and to resolve fine specimen detail while working at a fixed object (or specimen) distance

numerical aperture

Also called cell culture dish

Petri Dish

named after its inventor, German bacteriologist, Julius Richard Petri

Petri Dish

a shallow transparent covered dish used to culture cells, such as bacteria or fungi

Petri Dish

Has a transparent body allow researchers to constantly monitor contents

Culture Tubes

shaped for easier retrieval and minimal sample loss

Culture Tubes

extremely resistant to accommodate any operation or harsh sample

Culture Tubes

ability of a microscope to stay relatively in focus as the user switches among the objectives

Parfocal

Scanning + course adjustment

Parfocal

also called a smear loop, inoculation wand, microstreaker, wire loop

Inoculating loop

consists of a thin handle with a loop about 5 mm wide or smaller at the end

Inoculating Loop

used to pick up and transfer a small sample (inoculum) from a culture of microorganisms into a petri dish

Inoculating Loop

streaking technique

Inoculating Loop

are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects

Forceps

when many objects need to be held at one time

Forceps

in Bacteriology lab,used for handling glass slides during the staining process

Forceps

holds multiple microscopic slides simultaneously for staining process

Staining Rack

used to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms

Inoculating Needle

made from nichrome or platinum wire affixed to a metallic handle

Inoculating Needle

base of the needle is dulled, resulting in a blunted end

Inoculating Needle

stabbing technique

Inoculating Needle

used for steaming or heating process tubes, flasks or beakers

Water Bath

used to hold specimen viewed under the microscope

Glass slides | Cover slips

device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object (usually diameter)

Vernier Caliper

In antibiotic susceptibility testing: • to measure the zone of inhibition

Vernier Caliper

candle flame will consume most of O2 in the jar & will produce an elevated level of CO2

Candle Jar

these conditions are ideal for growth of microaerophilic organisms

Candle Jar

Filter paper disks impregnated with standardized concentration of an antimicrobial agent

Antibiotic Discs

Used in susceptibility testing

Antibiotic Discs

used to grow microorganism in optimum temperatures

Incubator

usual temperature of incubation is 35-37°C

Incubator

maintains a constant temperature specifically suitable for growth of a specific microbe

Incubator

“Steam under pressure”

Autoclave

used to sterilize liquid substances such as prepared media, solutions, glasswares

Autoclave

water is boiled in a closed containerto reach 100°C

Autoclave

steambuilds up inside the autoclave increasing the temperature much beyond 100°C

Autoclave

pressure reaches 15 pounds/in2 or 15 psi

Autoclave

temperature reaches 121°c

Autoclave

Sterility time of autoclave

15 minutes

high temperature is required to kill all bacteria including heat resistantspore-formers

Autoclave

Air curtain prevent organism to go outside,if the glass panel is closed (UV would turn on) and vice versa

Glass panel

enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level

Biosafety Cabinet / Hood

several different types of BSC exist, differentiated by the degree of biocontainment required

Biosafety Cabinet / Hood

Types of BSC cabinets

Class I Class II Class III

Hepa filter is used to filter air before it is released

Class I

Personnel and Environmental protection

Class I

Personnel are protected by moving air away from them

Class I

Product, personnel and environment protection

Class II

Has four subtypes (A1, A2, B1, B2)

Class II

High Risk biological agents

Class III

Maximum protection

Class III

Known as "glove box"

Class III

Any material passes through a double door -- door autoclave

Class III

food for the organism

Culture Medium

provide similar environmental and nutritional conditions that exist in the natural habitat of a bacterium

Culture Medium

Contains water, source of carbon and energy, source of nitrogen, trace elements and some growth factors

Culture Medium

Types of Culture Medium

1. Enriched media 2. Enrichment media 3. Selective media 4. Differential media

used to grow micro-organisms of a wide variety contains high nutrition in form of egg yolk or blood serum so on

Enriched Media

selective medium used to grow specific microogranism prevent contaminating microbes from growing

Enrichment media

Solid media

Selective media

differentiate kinds of bacteria

Differential media

LAB EQUIPMENTS Flashcards

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