Lab Exam 1

Question 1

What is meant by Universal precautions/Standard Precautions?

Answer 1

Safety policies used for handling all biological specimens.

Question 2

Give some examples of universal precautions

Answer 2

Hand hygiene, PPE, proper disposal of sharps and infectious waste, cleaning and disinfection

Question 3

Examples of engineering controls

Answer 3

chemical fume hoods, splash guards and barriers

Question 4

Most important means of preventing the spread of infection

Answer 4

Hand hygiene

Question 5

Types of PPE

Answer 5

Gloves, gowns, facial barriers, goggles

Question 6

What are the most significant blood borne pathogens that pose a threat to us as medical professionals?

Answer 6

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV

Question 7

What do the initials RPM stand for?

Answer 7

Rotation per minute

Question 8

What is meant by low actinic glassware?

Answer 8

Low actinic glassware is an amber colored glassware that protects fluid from light

Question 9

What type of pipet is a micro-pipette classified as?

Answer 9

To contain (TC) pipette

Question 10

What type of pipet would you use to add an amount of solvent to a lyophilized solute (mixture)?

Answer 10

A volumetric pipette

Question 11

What type of water would you use to prepare a quality control (QC)?

Answer 11

Type 1 reagent water since it is the purest

Question 12

Define urinalysis

Answer 12

The physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the urine

Question 13

Urine is primarily composed of what two dissolves substances?

Answer 13

Salt & urea

Question 14

What does the term “gross appearance” mean?

Answer 14

What does it look like

Question 15

What is the gross appearance of spinal fluid?

Answer 15

Crystal clear

Question 16

Which of the following characterizes a traumatic spinal tap?

Answer 16

Three sequentially collected tubes that are progressively less bloody, with the third being the clearest

Question 17

Define Exudate

Answer 17

an effusion usually the result of an inflammatory process; fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues

Question 18

How can you determine the magnification of a microscope?

Answer 18

objective magnification multiplied by the ocular magnification

Question 19

How do you increase light in your microscope when viewing an image?

Answer 19

By moving the condenser up

Question 20

Whats the difference between the coarse and fine adjustments?

Answer 20

Coarse adjustment is used to find the specimen to gain a fast and rough picture while the fine adjustment is used during the higher power lens to look close and gain a more detailed picture

Question 21

Function of iris diaphragm

Answer 21

Regulates how much light is being viewed on the object

Question 22

Function of condenser

Answer 22

Focuses the light onto the object

Question 23

Define “ Resolving power”

Answer 23

The limit of usable magnification with numerical aperture (NA) as the measurement

Question 24

What are the three basic pieces of volumetric glassware?

Answer 24

volumetric flasks, graduated measuring cylinders, and pipettes

Question 25

Define reagent

Answer 25

a solution used for performing a chemical test

Question 26

How is volumetric glassware calibrated?

Answer 26

By using an analytical balance

Question 27

What are engineering controls?

Answer 27

Any device that is used to prevent contact with or exposure to the hazard

Question 28

Which glassware have trademarks?

Answer 28

beakers and flasks

Question 29

What are the 3 types of pipettes?

Answer 29

Volumetric (transfer), graduated (measuring), serologic (calibrated to tip)

Question 30

TD Pipettes

Answer 30

Calibrated to deliver

Question 31

TC pipettes

Answer 31

calibrated to contain

Question 32

Blowout pipettes

Answer 32

calibrated to deliver but last drop must be blown out

Question 33

Describe technique to use for manual pipette?

Answer 33

Mechanical suction, wipe off outside, adjust meniscus, drain in TC container

Question 34

What is the importance of deionized and distilled water when preparing solutions & reagants?

Answer 34

because it is readily available and similar in viscosity and speed of drainage to the solutions and reagents used in the clinical laboratory

Question 35

How to prepare properly balanced centrifuge?

Answer 35

Place samples across form each other, set RPM and time

Question 36

Specialized pipettes

Answer 36

micropipette, self filling, capillary

Question 37

Are micropipettes TD or TC?

Answer 37

To contain which is why when delivering, it needs to be rinsed out to remove all contents

Question 38

All glassware have what?

Answer 38

At least 1 calibration or graduation mark

Question 39

What is a feathered edge on a slide?

Answer 39

the thin region of the smear where the cells are spread out amongst large empty spaces

Question 40

What is the working distance of a microscope?

Answer 40

The space between the microscopes objective lens and the specimen on the surface

Question 41

When the working distance decreases, the magnification of the objective lens _______

Answer 41

Increases

Question 42

Define CSF

Answer 42

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear sterile fluid that circulates in the brain and spinal cord

Question 43

Physical properties of urine

Answer 43

volume, color, odor, transparency, specific gravity

Question 44

What is used for chemical testing urine?

Answer 44

Reagent strip tests for PH, blood, protein, nitrate (uti), glucose, WBC, ketones (insulin), liver function

Question 45

What is specific gravity?

Answer 45

The density of a solution or substance compared to water (will it sink or float in water)

Question 46

How many mL of CSF does adults have?

Answer 46

90-150

Question 47

How to measure the absorbance of an unknown sample?

Answer 47

Use a spectrophotometer

Question 48

Explain Beers Law

Answer 48

The more concentrated a liquid, the more light it will absorb but if the liquid is naturally better at absorbing light, it will absorb more light despite the concentration.

Question 49

Whats the equation to use for Beers Law?

Answer 49

Absorption = molar absorptivity (e) x path length of curvette (1 cm usually) (l) x concentration of the substance (mol) (c)

Question 50

How to solve for concentration using Beers Law?

Answer 50

c= A/e x l