Lab exam 1 review Flashcards
(25 cards)
Phylum Chordata- chordates
(3 subphyla)
Chracteristics:
- notochord
- nerve cord (connected to brain)
- pharyngeal gill slits (space btw. gills)
- postnatal tail
- 5 segmented muscle bands
- endostyle
- ventral heart, closed circulatory system
Subphyla Urochordata (turnicates)
Common name: sea squirts Characteristics: 1. blob like mucous membrane 2. least fishy looking 3. notocord (absent in adult) 4. predominantly sedentary as adults 5. Larval stage free-swimming 6. Two body openings: Inlet and Outlet Distribution: worldwide
Subphyla Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Common name: Amphioxus/amphioxi Chracteristics: 1. small, eel-like 2. tiny long-ish worms 3.mouth, atriopore, anus 4. ventral heart 5.notocord 6.myomeres Distribution: worldwide. marine waters along continental shelve areas
Subphyla Vertebrata (vertebrates)
Characteristics:
1. notochord
2. w-shaped myomeres
3. cranium
**this group includes cyclostomes and gnathostomes
Distribution: aquatic and terrestrial envoronments
Myomeres
Blocks of striated muscle seperated by sheets of cennective tissue
Operculum
gill cover
Nictitating membrane
covers eyes
Ampullae of Lorenzini
electrophotoreceptors
Spiracle
remnant of the 2nd gill slit
Rudimentary eyes
incompletely developed
Barbels
whisker like organs covered in sensory receptors
Cyclostomes (higher group)
Extant jawless (agnathous) fishes Characteristics: 1. 1 median nostril 2. pouched gills 3. velum (membranous flap in pharynx) 4.keratinous teeth-like structures 5. no jaws
Eptatretus sp.
Common name: Hagfish Order: Myxiniformes Family: Myxinidae Characterisitcs: (part of cyclostomes) 1. no fins 2.gnarly teeth 3.eel-like 4. mouth sorrounded by barbels 5. keratin teeth in rows 6.2-6 gill pores 7.single median nostril Distributiion: BENTHIC MARINE VERTS., scanvenge sefloor for carcasses. produce large amount of slime
Ichthyomyzon castaneus
Common name: Chestnut lamprey Order: Petromyzontiformes Family: Petromyzontidae Characterisitcs: 1. oral disk-suction cup-like 2. well-developed eyes 3. small nasal opening 4.eel-like (angulliform) 5.no jaw 6. 7pairs of gill pouches 7.no scales 8.keratin teeth 9. body dull brown 10. hemophagus (parasite-feed on blood) Distribution: Marine and freshwater
Gnathostomata (higher group)
Characterisitcs:
- jawed vertebrates
- 2 pairs of appendages
- 3 semicircular canals in innner ear
Class Chondrichthyes
cartilaginous fishes
Characterisitcs:
1. placoid scales
2.ampullae of lorenzini (electrosensory organs mostly on snout)
Subclass Holocephali
Includes chimaeras, rabbitfishes, and ratfishes
Order: Chimaeriformes
Family: Chimaeridae
Hydrolagus sp.
Common name: large-eyed ratfish Order: Chimaeriformes Family: Chimaeridae Characteristics: 1. rubbery feel 2. placoid scales 3. males have head cephalic clasper 4.ribbon-like tail 5. teeth modified (beak-like form) 6. gills covered by operculum- appear like only one gill 7. no spiracle Distribution: marine
Subclass Elasmobranchii
Includes sharks and rays
Characteristics:
1. 5-7 gill slits
2. polyphyodont dentation with multiple cohorts of replacement teeth
Selachii
Sharks
Characteristics:
1. gill slits ono lateral surface of head
Galeomorphii
Typical sharks
Order: Carcharhiniformes- ground sharks
Family: Sphyrnidae - hammer head sharks
Sphyrna tiburo
Common name: bonnethead shark Order: Carcharhiniformes Family: Sphyrnidae Characteristics: 1. hammer head 2. nictitating eyelid 3. blade-like teeth 4. no spiracle 5. 5 gill slits 6. heterocercal caudal fin 7. 2 dorsal fins ( one triangular) Distribution: marine
Squalomorphii
atypical sharks
Order: Squaliformes
Family: Squalidae
Squalus sp.
Common name: Dogfish
Order: Squaliformes
Family: Squalidae
