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BIOL 310 Invertebrate Zoology > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Setaceous

A
  • tapering
  • segments become slender distally
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2
Q

filiform

A
  • threadlike
  • segments all of uniform size
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3
Q

moniliform

A
  • beadlike
  • segments resembling a string of beads
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4
Q

clavate

A
  • clubbed
  • segments increased in diameter
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5
Q

capitate

A
  • having a head
  • terminal segments enlarge suddenly
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6
Q

Serrate

A
  • sawlike
  • segments are triangular in shape
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7
Q

pectinate

A
  • comblike
  • most segments have lateral processes
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8
Q

Plumose

A
  • feathery
  • most segments have many hairs
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9
Q

aristate

A
  • the last segment with a dorsal bristle (arista)
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10
Q

Stylate

A
  • last segment having elongate terminal style
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11
Q

flabellate

A
  • clubbed
  • terminal segments terminal and sheet like, extending laterally
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12
Q

lamellate

A
  • leaflike
  • terminal segments form oval lobes
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13
Q

geniculate

A
  • elbowed
  • first segment long followed by angled, shorter segments
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14
Q

no metamorphosis

A
  • insects hatch directly from egg resembling mini adult but lack wings
  • molting will result in increase in size
  • no major modifications between each molt (ametabolous)
  • Thysanura
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15
Q

hemimetabolous/ incomplete metamorphosis

A
  • young emerge from eggs someone similar to adults but with very large heads
  • juvenile stage is a nymph
  • development to adult is done through molts
  • some nymphs can be aquatic
  • Orthoptera, homoptera, isoptera (cockroaches and termites), hemiptera, odonata, plecoptera, and ephemeroptera
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16
Q

holometabolous/ complete metamorphosis

A
  • egg –> larva –> pupae –> adult
  • eggs hatch into segmented worm like larva
  • larva feed and grow and undergo many molts
  • final molt is into pupal stage which is stationary and non-feeding
  • juvenile tissues are reabsorbed and adult organs are formed
  • adult emerges from the pupal case
  • Coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, lepidoptera
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17
Q

hexapoda

A
  • subphylum of arthropoda
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18
Q

Insecta

A
  • class of hexapoda
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19
Q

Thysanura

A
  • order of insecta
  • silverfish and bristletails
  • wing-less
  • two or three styliform appendages on abdomen
  • chewing mouthparts
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20
Q

Ephemeroptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • mayflies
  • wings membranous
  • first pair of wings larger than second pair
  • two or three caudal appendages and a single tarsal claw
  • vestigial chewing mouthparts in adults
  • aquatic nymphs have gills on the abdomen dorso-laterally and with caudal filaments
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21
Q

Odonata

A
  • order of insecta
  • dragonflies (anisoptera) and damselflies (zygoptera)
  • wings membranous
  • chewing mouthparts
  • dragonfly nymphs have rectal gills
  • damselfly nymphs have caudal gills
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22
Q

Plecoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • stoneflies
  • reduced mouthparts in adults
  • elongate antenna
  • long cerci
  • tarsi with 2 claws
  • membranous wings folded over abdomen at rest
  • aquatic nymphs with 2 caudal cerci and gills never dorsolaterally on abdomen
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23
Q

Blattodea

A
  • order of insecta
  • cockroaches and termites
  • Cockroaches:
    • dorsoventrally flattened bodies
    • antenna long
    • leathery forewings
  • termites (isoptera):
    • eusocial
    • soft-bodied
    • antenna short
    • wings equal in size and lost in workers
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24
Q

Orthoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • grasshoppers, katydids, crickets, and others
  • membranous hindwing folded beneath leathery forewing (tegmina)
  • hindleg femur enlarged
  • chewing mouthparts
  • nymphs are terrestrial
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25
Hemiptera
- order of insecta - basal part of forewing is thickened while distal part is membranous (hemelytra) - overlapping wings are rest - hind wing membranous - piercing-sucking mouthparts - suborder homoptera (same winged) have membranous forewings - includes aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers
26
Hymenoptera
- order of insecta - ants, bees, wasps - winged and wingless - membranous with few veins - solitary or eusocial - mouthparts for chewing, lapping, or sucking - females with ovipositor specialized for sawing, piercing, or stinging
27
Coleoptera
- order of insecta - beetles - anterior wings are think and hard (elytra) - chewing mouthparts - larva stage is called a grub - some aquatic families
28
megaloptera
- order of insecta - alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies - both pairs of wings are membranous - held in tentlike position at rest - chewing mouthparts - aquatic larva
29
Siphonaptera
- order of insecta - fleas - bodies compressed laterally - wingless - legs modified for jumping - piercing- sucking mouthparts
30
Diptera
- order of insecta - flies and mosquitoes - reduced hindwings (halteres) - filiform antenna - sponging, sucking, lapping mouthparts - larva called a maggot - some aquatic juveniles
31
Trichoptera
- order of insecta - caddisfly - resemble small moths - body and wings covered in very short hairs - long antenna in adults - aquatic larva - larva have abdominal prolegs and create portable houses held together by silk
32
Lepidoptera
- order of insecta - butterflies and moths - butterfly antenna end in knob - moth antenna never end in knob - body and wings covered in scales - coiled proboscis - larva called caterpillar - 3 pairs of thoracic legs, 5 pairs of prolegs - 6 simple eyes on head - may be aquatic but usually terrestrial
33
Neuroptera
- order of insecta - lacewings, antlions - similar to megaloptera
34
dermaptera
- order of insecta - earwigs
35
Vermiform
- maggotlike - body elongated and wormlike - legless - with or without well developed head - diptera, siphonaptera, hymenoptera, some coleoptera and lepidoptera
36
scarabaeiform
- grub like - usually curved - well developed head - thoracic legs but no abdominal prolegs - inactive and sluggish - in some coleoptera
37
elateriform
- mealworms or wireworm like - elongated body - cylindrical - hard shelled - thoracic legs very short compared to campodeiform - short body bristles - in some coleoptera
38
campodeiform
- elongated body - somewhat flattened - well developed cerci, antenna, and thoracic legs - active - neuroptera, trichoptera, coleoptera
39
Eruciform
- caterpillar like - presence of thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs - lepidoptera and some hymenoptera (sawflies)
40
biting and chewing mouthparts
- mandibulate
41
piercing and sucking mouthparts
- mosquitoes, fleas, true bugs - haustellate - sharp, needle like projection called stylet - formed by modification of various mouthparts - sheathed by a modified labium - mosquitoes (proboscis) - hemiptera (rostrum)
42
sucking mouthparts
- honeybee - chewing wax or wood and sucking and lapping nectar - labrum is narrow - mandibles project laterally - elongated labium and covered in hair (glossa), extendable to probe flowers
43
sucking/siphoning mouthparts
- butterflies and moths - haustellate mouthparts lacking stylet siphon ing tube called proboscis (fused maxillae) - folded and held between labial palps
44
lapping or sponging mouthparts
- house fly - non-biting flies - extrude saliva onto food then laps up the dissolved saliva- food mixture - elongated labium - in biting flies mandibles are prominent and used to bite prey
45
Elytra
- coleoptera - hardened forewing - strengthened through sclerotization - poor for flight - held static while in air - used for protection
46
hemelytra
- hemiptera (heteroptera) - partially hardened wing - proxminal region of forewing pigmented and leathery - distal portion membranous - membranous shorter hindwings - forewings cross over one another when folded
47
tegmina
- orthoptera - leathery
48
scales
- lepidoptera - scales cover the wings - easily rubbed off
49
5 divisions of phylum arthopodia (subphylums)
1. Trilobita 2. Chelicerata 3. Myriapoda 4. Crustacea 5. Hexapoda
50
Trilobita
- extinct
51
chelicerata
- 2 body regions or complete fusion into a single unit - lacking antenna - first pair of appendages are chelicerae (basis of mouthparts) - next appendage is pedipalps (handling food) - 4 pairs of walking legs - mandibles are not present - two body sections (prosoma and opisthosoma) - three classes (merostomata, pycnogonida, arachnida)
52
Myriapoda
- millipedes and centipedes - many segments - one or two pairs of legs on each segment - uniramous appendages - single pair of antenna
53
Crustacea
- mainly aquatic - biramous appendages - two pairs of antenna - mandibles
54
hexapoda
- insects - 6 pairs of legs
55
Merostomata
- class of chelicerata - horseshoe crab - long tail spine (telson) - carapace for shallow burrowing - compound eyes - light sensing eyes also present along body - genital opercula - gill opercula - book gills
56
Arachnida
- class of chelicerata - 8 jointed legs - front pair sensory
57
scorpiones
- order of arachnida - long mobile tail (metasoma) - enlarged final segment of tail (telson) - curved stinger (aculeus) - anterior prosoma and posterior opisthosoma - opisothsoma subdivided into metasoma and mesosoma - spiracles on mesosoma that lead to book lungs - pectines are comblike sensory organs - carapace covering dorsal side of prosoma - simple eyes - chewing chelicerae - enlarged pedipalps that are chelate (claws)
58
Uropygi
- order of arachnida - whip scorpion
59
Opiliones
- order of arachnida - harvestmen - prosoma and opisthosoma are fused - long legs hold body elevated from the ground - single pair of eyes in the middle of the cephalothorax - leg like pedipalps - repugnatorial or stink glands
60
araneae
- order of arachnida - prosoma has 6 pairs of appendages (chelicerae- fangs, pedipalps, 4 pairs of legs) - prosoma and opisthosoma are connected by pedicel - fluid feeders - carapace - 2 rows of 4 eyes - spiracles on epigastric furrow are openings to book lungs on the ventral side of opisthosoma - 4-6 spinnerettes
61
Chilopoda
- class of myriapoda - centipedes - flattened rigid bodies - single pair of legs per segment - two pairs of maxillae - first pair of body appendage is a poisonous maxilliped with claw of fang like forcipules - last pair of legs is longer for sensory or defensive purposes
62
Diplopoda
- class of myriapoda - millipede - cylindrical body - 2 pairs of legs per segment (result of fusion of segments) - single pair of maxillae on head
63
Branchiopoda
- class of crustacea - gills on appendages - compound eyes - carapace
64
Anostraca
- order of brachiopoda - brine shrimp - covered in thin cuticle and lacks carapace - eleven pairs of leaf like appendages (thoracopods or phyllopodia) used for filter feeding and swimming - pair of compound eyes on flexible stalks - single eye on centre of head (naupliar eye)
65
Cladocera
- order of brachiopoda - water fleas - (daphnia) - large second antenna - compound eye - epipodites (setose thoracic appendages)
66
Malacostraca
- class of crustacea
67
amphipoda
- order of malacostraca - Hyalella - laterally flattened shrimp - no carapace - gills present on thoracic segments - large first and second antenna - paired sessile compound eyes - 8 pairs of appendages - head, thorax (pereon), abdomen (pleon + urosome)
68
isopoda
- order of malacostraca - woodlouse - dorsoventrally flattened - head and first segment fused as cephalon - no carapace - 2 pairs of unbranched antenna - compound eyes not on stalk - pereon has 7 pairs of unbranched appendages (pereiopods) for crawling - pleopods used for respiration on ventral side of pleon
69
decapod
- order of malacostraca - 10 legs - shrimp, crabs, lobsters
70
Caridea
- infraorder of decapods - true shrimp and prawns - slender elongated bodies - slender legs for swimming - long antenna
71
Astacidea
- infraorder of decapods - lobsters and crayfish - chelae (claws) on first 3 pairs of pereiopods - first pair large used for crushing - elongated abdomen - move by walking
72
achelata
- infraorder of decapoda - spiny lobsters - lack chelae - elongated first antenna
73
brachyura
- infraorder of decapoda - true crabs - shortened abdomen folded under thorax - very strong exoskeleton
74
anomura
- infraorder of decapoda - hermit crabs, king crabs, mole crabs - abdomen may be soft - first pereopods are chelate - only 4 pairs of kegs are easily visible
75
Mollusca
- phylum - internal organs in mantle - ventral muscular foot for movement and food acquisition
76
Cephalopoda
- class of mollusca - reduced shell (internal), except for octopus with none - well developed brain and complex nervous system - anterior portaion of foot is modified as arms and tentacles - muscular mouth region with beak - jet propulsion for movement -
77
gastropoda
- class of mollusca - snails and slugs - well developed head - muscular foot for creeping or swimming - single asymmetrical shell made of calcium carbonate
78
pulmonata
- subclass of gastropoda - terrestrial gastropods that breath with a lung
79
Conical shell
- cone shaped shell - limpet shape
80
planospiral shell
- garden snail shell
81
spiral
- elongated spiral shell
82
Bivalvia
- class of molluscs - no radula - sensory organs
83
Polyplacophora
- class of molluscs - chitons - dorsoventrally flattened - shell made of 8 articulating valves - mantle extends past shell
84
Asteroidea
- class of echinodermata - sea stars - central disc and 5 rays - oral and aboral side - ambulacral grooves with tube feet - madreporite for water vascular system - papulae important in respiration - light sensitive terminal tube foot
85
ophiuroidea
- class of echinodermata - brittle stars - madreporite on oral side - crawling movement with slender arms - ophiurida (brittle stars) and euryalida (basket stars)
86
Echinoidea
- class of echinodermata - urchins - rigid skeleton (test) and spines that are muscularly moved - madreporite on aboral surface - sea urchins are round, sand dollars are flattened
87
holothuroidea
- class of echinodermata - sea cucumbers - internal madreporite - oral tentacles
88
crinoidea
- class of echinodermata - feather star and sea lily - theca and arms (5-10) called crown - oral side faces up for filter feeding - no madreporite - Bourgueticrinida (sea lilies) and comatulida (feather stars- no stalk)
89
Hydrozoa
- class of cnidaria - having polyps and medusa
90
siponophora
- order of hydrozoa - Portuguese man of war
91
anthozoa
- class of cnidaria - no medusae
92
hexacorallia
- subclass of anthozoa - sea anemone - unbranched tentacles - basal disc can detach for movement
93
Octocorallia
- subclass of anthozoa - soft corals - sea whip - do not produce calcium carbonate skeleton - sclerites as skeleton - colonial
94
Annelida
- phylum - body segmentation - chitin bristles (setae) - errantia and sedentaria
95
polychaete
- not actual group - includes tube dwellers and clitellata
96
Hirudinida
- part of clitellates - leeches
97
cestoda
- class of platyhelminthes - tapeworms
98
clitellate
- class of annelida - typical earth worm - "collar" around worm called clitellum
99
nematoda
- phylum - round worms - parasitic
100
nematomorpha
- phylum - horsehair worms - parasitic
101
oligochaeta
- class of annelids or subclass of clitellata - earthworms
102
trematoda
- class of platyhelminthes - flat worms (flukes) - parasitic
103
pycnogonida
- class of arthropoda - sea spiders

BIOL 310 Invertebrate Zoology (10 decks)

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