Lab Exam #2

Question 1

Define unicellular

Answer 1

consisting of a single cell

Question 2

Define colonial

Answer 2

several individual organisms living together in close association

Question 3

Define multicellular

Answer 3

consisting of multiple cells

Question 4

Define a photoautotroph

Answer 4

a photosynthetic organism

Question 5

Define a heterotroph

Answer 5

an organism that consumes other organisms in a food chain (e.g., phagocytosis)

Question 6

Define a mixotroph

Answer 6

a combination of photoautotroph and heterotroph

Question 7

Define syngamy

Answer 7

the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction

Question 8

Define binary fission

Answer 8

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

Question 9

Define budding

Answer 9

a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism

Question 10

Define fragmentation and regeneration

Answer 10

Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction when a living being breaks into various pieces or smaller pieces of itself.

Regeneration is a process where there is complete or partial regrowth of damaged tissues in any living organism.

Question 11

What is categorized in SAR clade?

Answer 11

• Stramenopiles
• Alveolates
• Rhizarians

Question 12

What is categorized in clade Archaeplastida?

Answer 12

• red algae*
• chlorophytes*
• charophytes*
• land plants

Question 13

What is categorized in clade Excavata?

Answer 13

• diplomonads
• parabasalids
• euglenozoans*

Question 14

What is categorized in clade Unikonta?

Answer 14

• Amoebozoans

- Opisthokonts

Question 15

What is categorized in stramenopiles?

Answer 15

• diatoms*
• golden algae
• brown algae*

Question 16

What is categorized in alveolates?

Answer 16

• dinoflagllates*
• apicomplexans
• ciliates*

Question 17

What is categorized in rhizarians?

Answer 17

• forams
• cercozoans
• radiolarians

Question 18

What is categorized in amoebozoans?

Answer 18

• slime moulds*
• tubulinids*
• entamoebas

Question 19

What is categorized in opisthokonts?

Answer 19

• nucleariids
• fungi
• choanoflagellates
• animals

Question 20

Define secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 20

occurs when the product of primary endosymbiosis is itself engulfed and retained by another free living eukaryote.

Question 21

Define paramylon

Answer 21

a carbohydrate similar to starch

- Euglena store their energy as paramylon

Question 22

Define longitudinal fission?

Answer 22

asexual reproduction where the organism divides down their length

Question 23

Which phylum in supergroup excavata reproduces through longitudinal fission?

Answer 23

Euglenozoans

Question 24

What is a pellicle?

Answer 24

a thin skin or film

-Euglena have a pellicle

Question 25

What is a flagellum?

Answer 25

a slender threadlike structure

Question 26

What is a specific species in the ciliates group?

Answer 26

Stentor

Question 27

What are cilia?

Answer 27

hair-like structures

Question 28

What does a macronucleus do?

Answer 28

metabolism

Question 29

What do contractile vacuoles do?

Answer 29

collect and cycle to the outside of the stentor the water that flows in to balance the higher salt concentration inside the protozoan.

Question 30

Name a type of dinoflagellate

Answer 30

Peridinium

Question 31

What is silica?

Answer 31

an amorphous metal oxide formed by complex inorganic polymerization processes

Question 32

Define centric

Answer 32

radially symmetric

Question 33

Define pennate

Answer 33

bilaterally symmetrical

Question 34

What is the scientific name for brown algae?

Answer 34

Laminaria

Question 35

Define thallus

Answer 35

the body of algae, fungi, and other lower organisms

Question 36

What is a blade?

Answer 36

the leaf of a plant

Question 37

What is a stipe?

Answer 37

usually a short stalk of a plant or fungus

Question 38

What is a holdfast?

Answer 38

the part of kelp most similar in appearance and location to the roots of a plant

Question 39

What is a meristem?

Answer 39

a formative plant tissue usually made up of small cells capable of dividing indefinitely and giving rise to similar cells

Question 40

What is a lamina?

Answer 40

plate or layer

Question 41

What is the scientific name for red algae?

Answer 41

Polysiphonia

Question 42

Define phycoerythrin

Answer 42

a photosynthetic pigment that is adapted to take advantage of a wide spectrum of light in various depths of water

Question 43

What two categories does green algae fit into?

Answer 43

chlorophytes and charophytes

Question 44

What is a specific example of a chlorophyte?

Answer 44

Volvox

Question 45

What is a specific example of a charophyte?

Answer 45

Spirogyra

Question 46

What is the scientific name for slime mould?

Answer 46

Physarum sp.

Question 47

Define plasmodium

Answer 47

thin, streaming masses of multinucleated protoplasm

Question 48

Define phagocytosis

Answer 48

a process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles

Question 49

Define sporangium

Answer 49

a structure within which spores are produced

Question 50

Define cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 50

the movement of the fluid substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell

Question 51

What is a pseudopodium?

Answer 51

temporary or semi-permanent extension of cytoplasm, used in locomotion and feeding

Question 52

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 52

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 53

What is ectoplasm?

Answer 53

the non-granulated outer part of a cell's cytoplasm

Question 54

What is endoplasm?

Answer 54

the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell