Lab Exam 2

Question 1

Where would you find meristematic tissue on a plant?

Answer 1

Tips of roots, vascular cambium, buds and nodes of stems

Question 2

Apical Meristem vs mature tissue?

Answer 2

Apical meristems have cells that haven’t differentiated, allowing for growth.

Question 3

The apical meristem differentiates into what three additional meristems

Answer 3

Protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem

Question 4

What tissue system does the protoderm develop into?

Answer 4

Epidermis (root hairs)

Question 5

What tissue system does the procambium develop into?

Answer 5

Vascular cylinder (Xylem, Phloem, pericycle)

Question 6

What tissue system does the ground meristem develop into?

Answer 6

Mature ground tissue in the cortex (endodermis)

Question 7

What is a trichome?

Answer 7

epidermal outgrowths that help reduce water loss, reflect excess light, and may secrete sticky or toxic compounds

Question 8

Where are guard cells found on a leaf?

Answer 8

Lower epidermis (underside)

Question 9

Function of the cuticle?

Answer 9

Prevents desiccation and protects against environmental stress

Question 10

Xylem function

Answer 10

Transports water and minerals (dead at maturity)

Question 11

Phloem function

Answer 11

Transports sugar and nutrients (alive at maturity)

Question 12

What is lignin

Answer 12

organic polymer that makes cells rigid and woody

Question 13

Parenchyma cell function

Answer 13

perform metabolic functions, can divide and differentiate for growth, and store nutrients (thinnest cell wall)

Question 14

Palisade vs Spongy mesophyll

Answer 14

Palisade are more rigid and have more chloroplast for photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll helps with gas exchange

Question 15

What structures are completely made of parenchyma cells in a sunflower stem

Answer 15

Pith and cortex

Question 16

Collenchyma cell function

Answer 16

Slightly flexible mechanical support for the plant (second thickest walls)

Question 17

Sclerenchyma cell function

Answer 17

Rigid cells that provide structural support to plant (thickest walls)

Question 18

Function of roots

Answer 18

Anchor plants, absorbs, stores, and conducts water and nutrients for the plant

Question 19

Fibrous roots

Answer 19

Thin, moderately branching root system (best for erosion control)

Question 20

(modified) Taproot

Answer 20

Root system with a large central dominant root (can be modified for other functions like food storage)

Question 21

What cells comprise a cortex and what is the cortex function.

Answer 21

Parenchyma, transports water and nutrients absorbed by root epidermis into the vasculature and stores nutrients

Question 22

What root zone would you find root hairs?

Answer 22

Zone of maturation

Question 23

Function of root hairs?

Answer 23

Help absorb water and nutrients from soil

Question 24

What meristematic tissue did the pericycle come from?

Answer 24

Procambium

Question 25

What is the pericycle?

Answer 25

cell layer surrounding the xylem, phloem, and procambium cells

Question 26

Function of Casparian Strips

Answer 26

form a barrier to apoplastic flux, forcing ions to pass through selectively permeable membrane into the cytoplasm, rather than move along the cell wall.

Question 27

Monocot vs Eudicot roots?

Answer 27

Eudicots: tap roots, lower # of xylem and phloem, narrow cortex Monocots: Fibrous roots, higher # of xylem and phloem, very wide cortex

Question 28

Why are leaf veins important?

Answer 28

Transport water and nutrients through out the leaf

Question 29

Are all gymnosperms evergreen

Answer 29

No (most)

Question 30

Are all coniferophytes evergreen?

Answer 30

No (most)

Question 31

Are all Anthophytes deciduous?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

Which cells do photosynthesis take place?

Answer 32

Palisade (more chlorplast) and spongy mesophyll

Question 33

Function of intercellular spaces

Answer 33

Important for gas exchange and water transport

Question 34

Two types of specialized leaves?

Answer 34

Tendrils and spines

Question 35

What will axillary buds eventually become?

Answer 35

Lateral shoots

Question 36

What is the Cork cambium?

Answer 36

Lateral meristem responsible for secondary growth

Question 37

What is the Vascular Cambium?

Answer 37

Layer of meristematic cells between the primary xylem and phloem