Lab exam 2

Question 1

Stratigraphy

Answer 1

observations of rocks is to study rock layers

Question 2

Unconformities

Answer 2

are the rock layers incomplete or gaps

Question 3

Angular Unconformity

Answer 3

tilted sediments or sedimentary rock, period of erosion between the tilting of the older rock a deposition of the younger sediments

Question 4

Nonconformity

Answer 4

• sediments deposited on top of igneous or metamorphic rock

Question 5

Disconformity

Answer 5

parallel layers of sediments with a gap in time

Question 6

Relative Age Dating

Answer 6

form of dating to determine the age of one rock or event relative to another rock or event.

Question 7

Principe or original horizontality

Answer 7

Sedimentary rocks were as horizontal layers

Question 8

Principle of Superposition

Answer 8

sedimentary rocks are deposited with the oldest on the bottom and youngest on top

Question 9

Principle of Continuity-

Answer 9

sedimentary rocks are deposited in wide spread sheet like deposit its

Question 10

Principle of cross-cutting relations

Answer 10

if a geologic feature cuts another feature then it is younger than the rock/feature it is cutting

Question 11

Principle of inclusion-

Answer 11

rock clasts are older than the layer that contains them

Question 12

Absolute age dating

Answer 12

is the actual time that the rock formed often expressed in years before the present.

Question 13

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 13

decay spontaneously to other isotopes and various forms of energy

Question 14

parent

Answer 14

Starting isotope is

Question 15

daughter

Answer 15

Decay products

Question 16

Half-life

Answer 16

is the amount of time it takes for one half of a given amount of parent atoms to decay to daughter

Question 17

Steep slope of decay relations

Answer 17

exponential decay

Question 18

Seismic waves

Answer 18

elastic vibrations that travel through a body waves or along the surface.

Question 19

Body waves

Answer 19

further classified into S and P waves

Question 20

S-waves

Answer 20

cause the material to vibrate wave motion, up and down slower

Question 21

P-waves

Answer 21

side to side, fast side to side

Question 22

P waves travel

Answer 22

through solid/denser materials faster because the molecules are closer together

Question 23

Direct wave

Answer 23

• wave that travels through the material parallel to the surface

Question 24

Incident wave

Answer 24

angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

Question 25

Critical refracted wave

Answer 25

beds parallel to the layer travels along the boundary

Question 26

Geophones

Answer 26

generate a small electric current when shaken attached to semiograph

Question 27

Direct

Answer 27

has the shorter distance

Question 28

Elastic

Answer 28

refractive

Question 29

nelastic

Answer 29

direct wave

Question 30

Map

Answer 30

representation of a portion of the earth’s surface drawn to some scale

Question 31

Location

Answer 31

title portion of Earth’s surface

Question 32

Direction-

Answer 32

orientation of the map

Question 33

6 essential pieces of information

Answer 33

location, direction, scale, date, legend, and source

Question 34

Scale

Answer 34

how much of the earth’s surface is portrayed on the map

Question 35

Graphic scale

Answer 35

visually show the distance on the map corresponding to the distance on the ground

Question 36

Verbal scale

Answer 36

distance ration is expressed in works

Question 37

Ratio-

Answer 37

distance ration is expressed as a ratio

Question 38

Date

Answer 38

feature can change

Question 39

Legend-

Answer 39

explains the symbols

Question 40

Source

Answer 40

indicates what individual, group, or agency produced the map

Question 41

Topo

Answer 41

shows the 3-ed geometry of the Earth’s surface in 2-D

Question 42

Elevation

Answer 42

or the distance above or below sea level

Question 43

Contour lines

Answer 43

squigles

Question 44

Hill

Answer 44

cookie cutters

Question 45

Ridge-

Answer 45

increase earth’s orbit

Question 46

Depression

Answer 46

bull eyes lowest in venter and hachure marks

Question 47

Valley

Answer 47

v shape pinging in the uphill direction

Question 48

Rule of Vs

Answer 48

pointing towards uphill and upstream direction

Question 49

Geologic map

Answer 49

portraying the distribution of rock units at the earth’s surface

Question 50

Vertical cross sections

Answer 50

represent the view seen on a vertical slice through the earth

Question 51

Contacts

Answer 51

lines separating different rock unites

Question 52

Attitude-

Answer 52

orientation of the strata

Question 53

Strike

Answer 53

online of the symbol parallel to the contacts between rock units

Question 54

Dip

Answer 54

- short line pointing in the direction

Question 55

Horizontal strata

Answer 55

- principle of original horizontality,

Question 56

Planar dipping strata

Answer 56

- non horizontal attitude of dipping strata indicate the strata has been tilted

Question 57

Folded strata-

Answer 57

strata have been bent by compressional forces acting within the earth

Question 58

Limbs-

Answer 58

on either side of the hold

Question 59

Hinge

Answer 59

center of the fold

Question 60

Horizontal folds

Answer 60

strata are folded the hinge will remain parallel to the earht’s surface-

Question 61

Plunging folds

Answer 61

- inclined to some angle

Question 62

Anticline

Answer 62

A oldest in the center

Question 63

Syncline-

Answer 63

youngest center

Question 64

Faulted

Answer 64

caused by compressional, extensional, or shear forces

Question 65

Compression-

Answer 65

horizontal forces are towards away

Question 66

Extension

Answer 66

horizontal forces acre directed away

Question 67

Shear-

Answer 67

slide

Question 68

Normal

Answer 68

hanging wall moved down

Question 69

Reverse

Answer 69

hanging wall moved up

Question 70

Strike slip

Answer 70

horizontal direction