Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does PCR stand for
Polymerase chain reaction
What are the functions of primers?
To determine what region of DNA will be amplified
What is the function of taq polymerase
Automates the repetitive step of amplifying specific DNA sequences
5’———->3’
What is the function of buffer in PCR
Keeps polymerase “happy”
What are free bases
DNA nucleotides to make the new DNA
What is gel electrophoresis
Used to separate DNA, RNA, macromolecules and protein fragments based on size and charge
What is an agrose gel made from
Polysaccharide extract from seaweed
What dictates how fast DNA moves through an agarose gel?
Size of DNA
Small= faster large = slower
Do high percentage agarose gels have smaller or larger holes
Smaller holes
What does ELISA stand for
Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Give a real world example of an ELISA test
Diagnosing HIV or Lymes
What color is bromocresol green in acidic conditions
Yellow
What are the four key components of MacConkey Agar?
Peptones, lactose, bile salts, and crystal violet
Do you expect gram + or gram - bacteria to grow on MacConkey Agar
Gram -
What is prevalence
% of population with disease
What is incidence
Total number of cases
What is CFU
Colony forming unit
Why are calculating CFUs important in understanding infections
Calculates number of viable bacteria or fungi in sample, indicates severity of disease
What is 16SrRNA
Part of a small ribosome
What is the 16SrRNA gene used for sequencing and identifying species of bacteria?
Each species has a unique 16s RNA sequence
What is alpha hemolytic activity
Partial RBC lysis
What is the beta hemolytic activity
Complete RBC lysis
What is gamma hemolytic activity
No RBC lysis
Why and how is Snyder media selective and differential
Selective because media is acidic which kills non-acidophile bacteria
Differential because bromocreasal green turns yellow is very acidic conditions
