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Kin 155 > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

AnT is…

A

transition from aerobic energy production to anaerobic energy production (huff and puff)

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2
Q

Training near AnT will…

A

optimize the cardiorespiratory adaptions and benefits of training

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3
Q

Identify the breakaways

A
  1. VE vs VO2/workload
  2. Lactate acid production rate vs VO2/workload
  3. CO2 production rate vs VO2/workload
  4. Peaking out in the FECO2 and bottoming out in FEO2 as workload increases
  5. Rating of RPE
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4
Q

VO2 max =

A

The maximal rate at which oxygen can be consumed per min

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5
Q

What can VO2 be used as

A

Fitness guidelines
Endurance
Power and capacity

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6
Q

Greater VO2 max =

A

Greater endurance, ability to do greater workload

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7
Q

Criteria for achieving VO2 max

A
  1. Plateau or decrease in VO2 as workload increases
  2. HR is within 10bpm of age predicted maximal HR
  3. R value is greater or equal to 1.0
  4. RPE of 18-20 (very very hard)
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8
Q

How do you identify VO2 max

A

The highest VO2 value achieved during a graded maximal effort exercise test

Used original RPE scale during the lab test (6-20), revised (0-10)

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9
Q

VO2 max is expressed in

A

l/min (unsupported exercise)
OR
ml/kg/min (bodyweight supported exercise)

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10
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

LOW

A

Female: <= 29 ml/kg/min

Male: <= 34 ml/kg/min

60-70% of HR max
50-60% of HRR
50-60% of VO2 max
RPE (fairly light to somewhat hard)
Breathing is comfortable, unaware
20-30mins, 3 days a week
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11
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

MODERATE

A

Female: 30 - 44 ml/kg/min

Male: 35-49 ml/kg/min

70-80% of HR max
60-75% of HRR
60-75% of VO2 max
RPE is somewhat hard to hard
Aware of breathing
30-45mins, 4 days a week
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12
Q

What is the fitness classifications based on VO2 max

HIGH

A

Female: >= 45 ml/kg/min

Male: >= 50 ml/kg/min

80-90% of HR max
75-85% of HRR
75-85% of VO2 max
RPE = 15-17 hard to very hard
Respiratory distress
45-60 mins, 5 days a week
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13
Q

What are the 3 asssumptions that the bicycle ergometer tests are based upon

A
  1. Oxygen uptake rate (VO2) is directly related to workload
  2. HR is linearly related to workload
  3. VO2 is linearly related to HR
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14
Q

What is the protocol for submax bicycle ergometer test

A

2min of 50RPM
If fit or large = 1kg workload
If unfit or smaller/older = 0.5 workload

2min work periods
Take HR during last 30 secs of initial workload and then last 30 secs of each workload

If HR is < 60% of PHR max then go up by 1 resistance
If HR is between 60-70% of HR max then go up by 0.5 resistance
If HR is over 70% the continue in this workload for another 2 mins

Average the final HR in last two mintues = steady state
Calculate VO2 max using:
Correction factor
BW to KG
VO2 max = ml/min
Then divide by body weight for ml/kg/min
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15
Q

What are the Erroneous factors within the test

A

Talking while performing test

Taking HR too early/late

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16
Q

What is the protocol for pulmonary functioning test

A

Record barometric pressure

Flush spirometer 3-4 times and fill with oxygen half way

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17
Q

Tidal volume definition =

A

Volume of expired or inspired air

Increases during exercise
NO CHANGE IN RESTING WITH CHANGING

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18
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume definition =

A

Max volume inspired from end inspiration

Decreases during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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19
Q

Expiratory reserve volume definition =

A

Max volume expired from end expiration

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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20
Q

Residual volume definition =

A

Volume at the end of max expiration

Slight increase during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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21
Q

Total lung volume definition =

A

Volume after max inhalation

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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22
Q

Vital capacity definition =

A

Max volume forcefully expired after max inhalation

Slight decrease during exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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23
Q

Inspiratory capacity definition =

A

Max volume inspired from resting expiratory level

Increase with exercise
INCREASE WITH TRAINING

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24
Q

What are the residual volumes for females and males

A

VC x 0.28 = female

VC x 0.24 = male

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25
FEV1 =
H - D x BTPS (L)
26
FEV2 =
I - D x BTPS (L)
27
FEV3 =
J - D x BTPS (L)
28
A =
First max expiration
29
B =
Resting expiration
30
C =
Resting inspiration
31
D =
Max inspiration
32
H =
Air expired at 1 sec
33
I =
Inter air expired at 2 secs
34
J =
Max expiration at 3 secs
35
If J is greater than A, which do we use, and for what values
J | For VC and ERV
36
What are the average values for FEV
``` FEV1 = 75-80% of VC FEV2 = 85-90% of VC FEV3 = 95-100% of VC ```
37
What are the factors that affect volumes and capacities
``` Body size Gender Age Lung volumes are smaller in supine position than upright - due to more blood flow and displace diaphragm position towards the thoracic capacity Physical activity ```
38
Two components of body composition =
Lean tissue | Fat
39
Lean tissue density =
1.10 gm/ml
40
Fat density =
0.9 gm/ml
41
Archimedes principle
An object immersed in a fluid loses an amount equivalent to the weight of the fluid for which it is displaced in
42
In underwater weighing, the amount of water displaced is...
Equal to the persons body volume
43
Body volume (UWW) =
Weight in air minus weight in water
44
Body density (UWW) =
BW / Body volume
45
Body weight from lbs to KG =
Lbs/2.2
46
Body volume =
Body weight on land - true underwater weight Equals the weight lost when underwater
47
Body density = What is the range between
BW / BV Range = 1.0000 - 1.1000
48
% BF =
((4.57 / body density) - 4.142) x 100
49
% LMM =
100 - %BF
50
Lean body weight goal =
Current LBW / Desired % of LBW
51
Weight loss =
Current weight - LBWG
52
Body volume (end equation) =
(BW - TUWW) / D H2O - RV Then - 0.1
53
Residual volume =
(VC x BTPS) x (0.28 or 0.24)
54
What are the causes of 95% of obesity | Regulatory obesity
1. Excess caloric consumption due to easy availability to food 2. Lack of daily physical activity 3. Association of food with emotional responses 4. Social and cultural pressures of food consumption
55
Medical abnormalities of obesity
``` Coronary disease Impaired CHO metabolism Endocrine disorders Hypertension High Blood pressure High blood glucose ```
56
Types of obesity are
Hypertrophic | Hyperplastic
57
What is hypertrohic obesity
Overtime, increase of fat cell size
58
What is hyperplastic obesity
Childhood obesity, 80% carry over to adulthood, increase of fat cell size and number
59
Factors of caloric intake
Food energy value Absorption Type of food Quantity
60
Factors of caloric expenditure
Basal metabolic rate Physical activity level Food processing
61
Exercise benefits for obesity
Increased cumlative caloric expenditure Counter acts decrease in basal metabolic, typically associated with aging Prevents loss of lean body weight associated with caloric restrictions Compliments behaviour modifications and establishment of a more heathly lifestyle
62
Body build =
Greater muscle mass = Higher metabolic resting rate = Greater caloric expenditure
63
Anthropometric measures are:
Circumferences Skinfolds Diameters
64
Circumference measurements are done in... Tissues =
cm (nearest 0.1) Average L + R extremities L+R extremities should be within 1 cm of each other Tissues = fat, muscle and bone
65
Skinfold measurements are done in... Tissues =
mm = round to the nearest 0.6 mm Tissues = Fat
66
Diameter measurements are done in...
cm = rounded to nearest 0.1 Average L + R extremities L+R extremities should be within 1 cm of each other Tissue = Bone
67
Where should you perform skinfolds
Only on the right side of the body
68
Factors for selecting equation
``` Sex Age Athlete vs non athlete Race / Ethnicity Statistical considerations: High R value = correlation between actual body density from UWW and predicted Bd from S and C Lowest S.EE ```
69
Calculation for Fat Weight =
BW (kg) x (%BF / 100)
70
Standards for % body fat for males and females
``` Males 4% = Min Fat 5-13% = Athletes 10-25% = Optimal health 12 - 18% = Optimal fitness > 25% = Obese 15% = 50th percentile ``` ``` Females 8-12% = Min Fat 12-22% = Athletes 18-30% = Optimal health 16-25% = Optimal fitness > 30% = Obese 25% = 50th percentile ```
71
Somatogram (Average L + R) Uses... Measures... Indicated by... Values indicate...
Circumferences Measures body proportionality, BW to frame size to see what areas need slimming down Indicated by wrist, knee and ankle proportions < 95 overweight > 105 underweight
72
Reference Weight (Add L + R) Uses... Establishes... Important info...
Uses diameters and height Establishes needed changes in fat weight and LBW to adjust overall body weight In diameters you push down to the bone structure Goes one step further than LBW Goal
73
Somatotypes are
Endomorphy - Fat (3 skinfolds) Mesomorphy - Muscularity (skinfolds, diameters, and circumferences) Ectomorphy - Linearity (Height and BW)
74
Overweight = Underweight =
< 95 proportions > 105 proportions
75
What is the normal "body build" indicated by
When all proportions are between 95 - 105
76
BW / Frame size uses what body parts
Wrist, Knee, Ankle proportions OW and UW here
77
Endomorphy is where
there is excessive body fat distribution Large proportion in abs, chest , hips, thighs
78
Mesomorphy is where
Pronouced muscle development Large proportions in forearm, shoulder, calf, flexed arm
79
What is the body constant used for males and females in ref. weight
Male = 31.58 Female = 31.10
80
Body density should be how many decimal places
4 decimals
81
Reference weight = Equation... Two ifs... If you know the % fat of current BW...
How much BW an individual should have Total diameter / body constant = A A^2 x H^t = B B x 0.0111 = reference weight If BW - reference weight > 5kg = overweight If BW - reference weight < - 5kg = underweight If you know the % fat of current BW, you can find the change in FW from current to goal.
82
Endo + Meso
Straight forward | In tricep and calf for meso you take the circumference and subtract (skinfold / 10) to get it into cm
83
Ecto Equation
Height / 3(square root) WT
84
BMI interpretations
< 18.5 = underweight 18.5 - 24.9 = normal 25.0 - 29.9 = overweight > 30 = obese
85
AnT is the last
Oxygen uptake rate value fitting the linear trend between expired VE and VO2
86
VO2 Max is considered to be on the Borg scale
18-20 = Very very hard
87
AnT is considered to be on the Borg scale
15-16 = hard
88
What are the %s of the Expiratory volume at 1,2 and 3 seconds
1 second = 75-80% of vital capacity 2 seconds = 85-90% of vital capacity 3 seconds = 95-100% of vital capacity
89
All calculations in the pulmonary lab are to be to how many decimals?
2 decimals
90
When working out residual volume, what do we times the vital capacity by
0. 28 for females | 0. 24 for males
91
IC =
IRV + TV
92
VC =
ERV + IC
93
TLC =
VC + RV
94
FRC =
ERV + RVt
95
Functional residual capacity (FRC) definition =
Volume in lungs at resting expiratory level Slight increase during exercise INCREASE WITH TRAINING
96
% body fat =
4. 57 / BD - 4.142 x 100
97
What vital capacity do you use out of the 3 you get from underwater weighing
The heaviest
98
Obesity is defined as
% body fat more than 25% (male) and 30% (female)
99
Regulatory obesity accounts for...
95% of obesity
100
Caloric intake with expenditure What happens to body weight as caloric balance changes from... Positive Iso Negative
``` Positive = gain Iso = stable Negative = loss ```
101
Errors that can occur during each test
Standard error of estimate Air in swim suit Not loading the paper correctly
102
A couch potato would have a _____ R and _____ S.E.E An athlete would have a ______ R and ______ S.E.E What does R stand for What does S.E.E stand for
High R, Low S.E.E = higher accuracy Low R, High S.E.E - lower accuracy R stands for correlation between actual BD from underwater weighing and predicited from skinfolds or circumference S.E.E stands for standard error of estimate
103
LWB =
BW - FW
104
Tidal volume equation =
(B - C) x BTPS
105
Inspiratory reserve volume equation =
(C - D) x BTPS
106
Inspiratory capacity equation =
(B - D) x BTPS IRV + TV
107
Expiratory reserve volume equation =
(A - B) x BTPS (USE J IF ITS HIGHER THAN A)
108
Vital capacity equation =
(A - D) x BTPS (USE J IF ITS HIGHER THAN A) ERV + IC
109
Residual volume equation =
VC x 0.24 or 0,28
110
Total lung capacity equation =
VC + RV
111
Functional residual capacity equation =
ERV + RV
112
Percent vital capacity equation for each FEV =
FEV(1,2,3) / VC
113
What is the equation for BMI
BW / height^2
114
What is the conversion for inches into cm
1 inch = 2.54 cm
115
How fast does the respiratory machine move in FAST mode
32 mm per second 1920 / 60 = 32
116
The effects of endurance training on VO2 Oxygen uptake At: Rest Submax Exercise Max Exercise
No change Decrease Increase
117
The 5 things that are affected by endurance training on VO2
``` Oxygen up take Cardiac output Stroke volume Heart rate A-V O2 diff ```
118
The effects of endurance training on VO2 Cardiac output At: Rest Submax Exercise Max Exercise
No change Decrease Increase
119
The effects of endurance training on VO2 Stroke volume At: Rest Submax Exercise Max Exercise
Increase Increase Increase
120
The effects of endurance training on VO2 Heart rate At: Rest Submax Exercise Max Exercise
Decrease Decrease No change
121
The effects of endurance training on VO2 A-V O2 Diff At: Rest Submax Exercise Max Exercise
No change Increase Increase

Kin 155 (4 decks)

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