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Microbiology 260 > Lab exam 2: objectives > Flashcards

Lab exam 2: objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the pink oxygen indicator?

methylene pink

resazurin

methylene blue

phenol red

A

resazurin

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2
Q

How should a microbe ONLY growing at the very top of a thioglycollate tube be decribed with respect to oxygen?

Facultative anaerobe

Obligate anaerobe

Obligate aerobe

A

Obligate aerobe

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3
Q

How should a microbe growing in the pink and below the pink in a thioglycollate tube be classified with respect to oxygen?

Obligate anaerobe

Facultative anaerobe

Aerobe

Cannot be determined

A

Facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

How should a microbe growing ONLY without oxygen be classified with respect to oxygen?

Aerobe

Facultative anaerobe

Obligate anaerobe

A

Obligate anaerobe

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5
Q

A microbe that grows with and without oxygen is a(n):

obligate aerobe

obligate anaerobe

facultative anaerobe

A

facultative anaerobe

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6
Q

An organism that grows well in the incubator and slightly less in the GasPak is a(n)

Facultative anaerobe

Obligate anaerobe

Obligate aerobe

Cannot be determined

A

Facultative anaerobe

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7
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyzes casein?

amylase

casease

lipase

A

casease

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8
Q

How will you know if the bacteria hydrolyze casein?

A clear zone surrounding the growth will be visible following incubation.

A cloudy zone surrounding the growth will be visible following incubation

The area surrounding the growth will turn dark purple.

A

A clear zone surrounding the growth will be visible following incubation.

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9
Q

Starch is hydrolyzed using:

intracellular enzymes

extracellular enzymes

A

extracellular enzymes

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10
Q

Casein is a:

nucleic acid

protein

carbohydrate

A

protein

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11
Q

The products of protein hydrolysis are:

monosaccharides

amino acids

glycerol and fatty acids

A

amino acids

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12
Q

A product of starch hydrolysis is:

monosaccharide

amino acid

glycerol

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

PCR is an abbreviation for

Polymerase carboxyl reaction

Polymerase chain reaction

Polymer chain reaction

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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14
Q

PCR is like a molecular xerox machine for DNA. The process is designed to make multiple copies (amplify) of a desired gene or other short DNA fragment.

True

False

A

True

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15
Q

PCR rapidly _______ the amount of DNA in a sample. This decreases the need for making cultures or carrying out complex purification techniques. Once multiple copies of DNA are made, they can be used in various ways, ranging from research to _________________.

Decreases….diagnostics and forensics

Increases….culturing bacteria and fungi

Increases…diagnostics and forensics

A

Increases…diagnostics and forensics

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16
Q

Since DNA is tiny and colorless, the resulting PCR products cannot be visualized in the reaction tube. Agarose gel electrophoresis will allow visualization of the DNA as bands in the gel.

True

False

A

True

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17
Q

PCR makes it possible to amplify a target DNA from a few copies to at least_______ of copies in a few hours.

Hundreds

Thousands

Millions

A

Millions

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18
Q

________________are short single-stranded DNA strands of a known sequence that indicate where DNA amplification will begin.

DNA polymerase

Primers

Nucleotides

A

Primers

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19
Q

Taq polymerase is an example of a DNA polymerase used in PCR. This enzyme works at

Low temperatures

Relatively high temperatures

High salt concentration

A

Relatively high temperatures

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20
Q

The machine used in PCR is called the

Thermal cycler

PCR prepper

Thermal vent polymerase

A

Thermal cycler

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21
Q

In the _________ step, primers bind to the test DNA. This occurs around 45-65 degrees C. The temperature allows the primers to complementary base pair to their target sequences on opposite strands of the template DNA.

Denaturation

Annealing

Extension

A

Annealing

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22
Q

In the ________ step, target DNA is heated to 92-96 degrees C so the double stranded DNA will separate into 2 strands. The heat breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the double-stranded DNA together.

Denaturation

Priming

Annealing

A

Denaturation

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23
Q

The _______ step occurs around 72 degrees C. The DNA polymerase uses the raw materials in the form of nucleotides to extend the molecule and produce 2 complete strands of DNA.

Denaturation

Priming

Extension

A

Extension

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24
Q

Which of the following ingredients must be in a PCR reaction?

DNA template

Primers

Nucleotides

DNA polymerase with the appropriate buffer

All of the above

A

All of the above

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25
Your unknown is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family (enterics). See index or research online if needed. Therefore, it will be Gram-positive Gram-negative
Gram-negative
26
The description of your Gram-positive colony may be taken from your______plates. Read PEA and Mac labs. PEA or TSA (nutrient agar) MacConkey or TSA (nutrient agar)
PEA or TSA (nutrient agar)
27
When you perform your Gram stain from your MacConkey plate, you should see Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli Gram-positive rods or coccobacilli
Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli
28
Please see your lab schedule for this question. We will be further purifying the Gram-negative unknown away from the Gram-positive contaminant. Therefore, we will pick a colony of the Gram-negative microbe and grow it in the Gas Pak grow it on PEA streak for isolation again onto a TSA plate
streak for isolation again onto a TSA plate
29
Please refer to your lab schedule. Your unknown may be ______________. Select all of the correct choices. Serratia marcescens Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis Klebsiella pnuemoniae Proteus vulgaris Staphylococcus aureus
Serratia marcescens Escherichia coli Klebsiella pnuemoniae Proteus vulgaris
30
Please read PEA and MAC labs. The description of your Gram-negative colony may be taken from your______plates. PEA or TSA (nutrient agar) MacConkey or TSA (nutrient agar)
MacConkey or TSA (nutrient agar)
31
With regard to the phenol red broth, what is the function of the Durham tube? collect gas trap aerobes pH indicator
collect gas
32
SIM medium is inoculated with a _________ because we can check for _______. needle....oxygen use loop....turbidity needle...motility
needle...motility
33
SIM medium may be used to: differentiate pathogens that cause neurological disorders differentiate Enterobacteriaceae differentiate respiratory pathogens
differentiate Enterobacteriaceae
34
The sole carbon source in citrate medium is______. This test will help you distinguish among the unknowns. citrate glucose phosphate
citrate
35
All of the tests we are setting up for this lab will help differentiate your unknown, so it is important to inoculate carefully. False True
True
36
You will inoculate your unknown into the Enteropluri tube. This test will allow us to perform multiple tests in a single tube. There are ______ individual chambers. 2 6 12
12
37
A(n) _______________________ is the material used to separate DNA fragments. Reaction mix Buffer Agarose gel
Agarose gel
38
The _________are where you put the DNA in a gel at the top. Dips Wells Gels
Wells
39
________bands of DNA will migrate the farthest in the agarose gel. Heavier Lighter
Lighter
40
TAE or TBE are types of ___________used during the electrophoresis process. Enzyme Buffer Gel
Buffer
41
DNA is negatively charged and will run toward the positive pole in gel electrophoresis. True False
True
42
A phenol red broth after incubation appeared yellow with a bubble in the Durharm tube. How would you record this tube? no reaction acid without gas acid and gas protein degradation
acid and gas
43
In the phenol red broths, if an organism released an acidic product, the pH indicator turns: Pink Yellow Red Blue
Yellow - pH below 6.8 (acidic) Red - neutral Pink - pH above 7.4 (alkaline)
44
The black color in a SIM tube indicates the bacteria produced a substance called___________. FeSO4 indole H2S FeS
H2S
45
With regard to the previous question on SIM medium, the actual chemical representing the black precipitate is ___________. indole H2S FeSO4 FeS
FeS
46
A bright red color is observed after an indole test is performed from SIM medium. Is the indole test positive or negative for this organism? Positive Negative
Positive
47
Would the indole test work if tryptophan was accidentally left out of this media? Yes No
No
48
Name the reagent added to perform the indole test. Phenol Red Methyl Red Ferric chloride Kovak's reagent
Kovak's reagent
49
An organism that utilizes citrate will appear: as no color change with no growth blue or no color change, but with growth
blue or no color change, but with growth
50
MacConkey agar is: selective and differential enriched and differential selective only differential only
selective and differential
51
The use of the streak plate technique is to:
obtain isolation of individual species from a mixed sample.
52
How many times will you dip into your original culture when performing a streak plate?
only once, to streak the first quadrant.
53
The gram stain is a: Simple stain Differential stain Negative stain
Differential stain
54
Describe 2 methods for providing anaerobic growth conditions:
Fluid thioglycolate broth (FTB) Anaerobic jar (gaspak)
55
Know which components of the medium reduce oxygen to water: Sodium thioglycolate L-cystine
Sodium thioglycolate L-cystine
56
Interpret the results of a citrate test: Blue no color change (growth) no color change (no growth)
Blue - Positive (+ citrate permease is present) No color change (growth) - Positive No color change (no growth) - Negative
57
Define Coliforms: most are normal inhabitants of the human intestinal tract; their presence in the environment may be evidence of fecal contamination.
a subgroup of Enterobacteriaceae that produce acid and gas from lactose fermentation.
58
Define Enterics: Pathogenic bacteria of bacterial gastroenteritis.
bacteria of the intestines, and may refer to gut flora, which are always present and usually harmless.
59
Coliforms are normal gram-_______ inhabitants of the human ________. positive...skin negative...skin positive...intestinal tract negative...intestinal tract
negative...intestinal tract
59
Match the types of arrangements: Diplo- Chains Strepto- Irregular clumps, grapes Staphylo- Pairs
Diplo - pairs Strepto- chains Staphylo - irregular clumps, grapes
59
Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) is mostly selective for _________ organisms. This is because PEA inhibits the growth of many Gram-negative while only some Gram-positive organisms. PEA is _________________. Gram-positive....selective and differential Gram-positive....selective only Gram-negative...selective and differential Gram-negative...selective only
Gram-positive....selective only
60
A hot pink color was observed on colonies growing on MacConkey agar. These organisms are capable of _______________ fermentation. glucose lactose sucrose galactose

Microbiology 260 (8 decks)

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