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Lab Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific method steps

A 
question
research
hypothesis
experiment
analyze data
conclusion
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2
Q

Controlled variable

A

variable held constant

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3
Q

Independent variable

A

changed variable

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4
Q

Dependent variable

A

measured variable

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5
Q

Control treatment

A

part of the experiment that is kept constant, used to compare results of the changed variable experiments

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6
Q

Family Enterobacteriaceae characteristics

A

contain pathogens and non-pathogens
gram negative rods or coccobacillus
inhabit the gut of humans and animals
lactose non-fermenters are usually pathogens
family members are oxidase negative, glucose fermenters and nitrate reducers

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7
Q

S. aureus characteristics

A

yellow
growth and acid on MSA
coagulase positive
seen in skin infections and fatal septicemia

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8
Q

S. epidermidis

A

white
growth but no acid on MSA
coagulase negative

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9
Q

Staphylococcus characteristics

A

seen in clusters
normal flora of skin and nasal membranes
S. aureus is a major pathogen

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10
Q

Streptococcus characteristics

A

seen in pairs and chains

normal flora of the throat, nose, mouth and intestine

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11
Q

Streptococcus major pathogens

A

S. pyogenes
S. pneumoniae
S. agalactiae
S. faecalis

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12
Q

S. pyogenes

A

causes strep throat, can lead to scarlet fever

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13
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

causes pneumonia

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14
Q

S. agalactiae

A

causes pneumonia, endocardidis and meningitis

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15
Q

S. faecalis

A

causes endocardidis and food poisoning

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16
Q

Alpha hemolysis

A

produces greenish, brownish zone around colonies

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17
Q

Beta hemolysis

A

completely lyses blood cells around colonies

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18
Q

Gamma hemolysis

A

no hemolysis

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19
Q

Mannitol salt agar test

A

contains 7.5% salt (high)

selective for staph

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20
Q

Oxidase test

A

cyochrome oxidase reduces O2 to H2O in the final step of electron transport
positive result- black/purple within 20 sec

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21
Q

Catalase test

A

splits H2O2 to H2O and O2

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22
Q

Salt broth test

A

6.5% NaCl

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23
Q

Bile eschulin test

A

hydrolysis of eschulin results in blackened percipitate

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24
Q

Presumptive test

A

water tested for lactose fermenting bacteria, if gas is seen, there are presumed to be coliforms in the sample

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25
Confirmed test
EMB agar inoculated with positive presumptive test samples, sample will grow if it is G- which is a coliform characteristic
26
Completed test
IMViC test is done on colony grown in confirmed test, inoculated onto a nutrient agar slant and Durham tube of lactose broth, if both are positive, it is a coliform (G- non spore forming rod)
27
Petrifilm results
blue colonies with a gas bubble are E.coli, red colonies with a gas bubble are coliforms
28
Glucose, lactose and sucrose fermentation tests
glucose, lactose or sucrose fermenter produces acid and gas, media color change to yellow
29
MRVP mixed acid fermentation test media
Media: MRVP
30
MRVP butanediol fermentation media
Media: MRVP
31
Catalase production test reagent
H2O2
32
SIM media
TSI/KIA
33
Citrate utilization media
Media: simmon citrate
34
SIM sulfide production test
if stab is black, positive for H2S production
35
SIM indole production test reagent
Reagent: Kovacs
36
TSI test
Yellow, growth on slant and butt= facultative anerobe, fermenter, G-
37
Urease test media
Media: urea slant
38
Nitrate reduction test media
Media: nitrate broth
39
Lancefield groups
differentiate streptococcus based on carbohydrate antigen
40
Hemolysis
used to differentiate streptococcus | can be alpha, beta or gamma
41
S. pyogenes Lancefield group
Lancefield group A
42
S. pyogenes arrangement
chains
43
S. pyogenes hemolysis
Beta
44
S. pyogenes optochin sensitive
optochin sensitive -
45
S. pyogenes esculin hydrolysis
esculin hydrolysis -
46
S. pyogenes NaCl tolerance
NaCl tolerance -
47
S. pneumoniae arrangement
arranged in pairs
48
S. pneumoniae hemolysis
alpha
49
S. pneumoniae bacitracin sensitive
bacitracin sensitive -
50
S. pneumoniae optochin sensitive
optochin sensitive +
51
S. pneumoniae esculin hydrolysis
esculin hydrolysis -
52
S. pneumoniae NaCl tolerance
NaCl tolerance -
53
S. agalactiae lancefield group
Lancefield group B
54
S. agalactiae arrangement
pairs
55
S. agalactiae hemolysis
Beta
56
S. agalactiae bacitracin sensitive
bacitracin sensitive -
57
S. agalactiae optochin sensitive
optochin sensitive -
58
S. agalactiae esculin hydrolysis
esculin hydrolysis -
59
S. agalactiae NaCl tolerance
NaCl tolerance -
60
S. faecalis lancefield group
Lancefield group D
61
S. faecalis arrangement
pairs
62
S. faecalis hemolysis
alpha and gamma
63
S. faecalis bacitracin sensitive
bacitracin sensitive -
64
S. faecalis optochin sensitive
optochin sensitive -
65
S. faecalis esculin hydrolysis
esculin hydrolysis +
66
S. faecalis NaCl tolerance
NaCl tolerance +
67
Mannitol salt agar test result
sugar mannitol and the pH indicator phenoyl red | positive result- if sugar is fermented to acid and pH <6.8, media becomes yellow
68
Catalase test result
positive= bubbles
69
Salt broth test result
Positive result- turbidity, indicates growth
70
MRVP mixed acid fermentation test reagent
methyl red
71
MRVP mixed acid fermentation test result
red color is positive for mixed acid fermentation
72
MRVP butanediol fermentation reagent
Reagent: Burrits reagent A and B
73
MRVP butanediol fermentation result
pink color is positive for acetone production
74
Citrate utilization result
Blue color change is a positive citrate reaction
75
SIM indole production test result
color change to red is positive for indole production
76
Urease test result
pink color = hydrolyzes urea
77
Nitrate reduction test reagents
Reagents: A, B and/or C
78
Nitrate reduction test result
Red color after nitrate reagent added is positive for nitrate reduction

Microbiology (6 decks)

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