LAB EXAMS 3 QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards
(410 cards)
1
Q
______ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE TONSILS
A
Tonsilitis
2
Q
WHAT DOES A SPIROMETER MEASURE?
A
Respiratory volumes
3
Q
WHAT MAY CAUSE OTITIS MEDIA?
A
Middle ear inflammation
4
Q
THE ALVEOLAR SACS, ALVEOLAR DUCTS AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY AS ______
A
Respiratory zone
5
Q
THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS FROM THE NASAL CAVITY TO THE TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY AS _____ STRUCTRES
A
Conducting zone
6
Q
WHAT WAS MEASURED IN THE RESPIRATION LAB USING THE MEASURING TAPE?
A
exhalation
7
Q
WHAT ENZYME CATALYZES THE FOLLOWING REACTION: H2O + CO2 –> H2CO3
A
carbonic anhydrase
8
Q
THE EXCHANGE PHENOMENA (TO RESOLVE AN IONIC BALANCE) IN WHICH A NEGATIVELY CHARGED BIOCARBONATE ION LEAVING THE RBC IS REPLACED BY A NEGATIVELY CHARGED CHLORIDE ION ENTERING THE TBC IS CALLED _______
A
Chloride shift
9
Q
NAME THE EQUIPMENT LABELED WITH “A” WITH PINK TAPE
A
Measuring tape
10
Q
OXYGEN USING CELLULAR PROCESSES ARE COLLECTIVELY REFERRED TO AS _____
A
Cellular respiration
11
Q
____ IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DECREASE IN THE ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS
A
Emphysema
12
Q
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF VESICULAR BREATHING SOUNDS?
A
Respiratory sounds resulting from air filling the alveolar sacs
13
Q
____ IS AN ABNORMAL WHISTLING SOUND HEARD IN THE LUNGS
A
Wheezing
14
Q
____ ARE RESPIRATORY SOUNDS THAT CAN BE HEARD WITH A STETHOSCOPE
A
Bronchial sounds
15
Q
NAME THE INSTRUMENT LABELED “A” WITH BLUE TAPE
A
Stethoscope
16
Q
THE INSTRUMENT CALLED A ____ IS USED TO MEASURE RESPIRATORY VOLUMES
A
Spirometer
17
Q
___ ARE ABNORMAL RASPING SOUND HEARD IN THE LUNGS
A
Rales
18
Q
WHAT ARE THE 2 PHASES OF BREATHING?
A
Inspiration & expiration
19
Q
HOW DOES TIDAL VOLUME CHANGE AFTER EXERCISE?
A
Tidal volume will increase
20
Q
DEFINE: HYPERVENTILATION
A
Fast deep breathing
21
Q
___ IS A SMALL AREA OF THE BACK USED FOR LISTENING TO RESPIRATORY SOUNDS
A
Triangle of Auscultation
22
Q
THE INSTRUMENT CALLED A ___ IS USED TO LISTEN TO RESPIRATORY SOUNDS
A
Stethoscope
23
Q
___ IS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE CONTINUOUS BRANCHING OF THE PASSAGEWAYS IN THE LUNGS
A
Respiratory tree
24
Q
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
A
Oxygen in and carbon dioxide out
25
NAME ONE OF THE FOUR DISTRICT PROCESS THAT COMPRISE RESPIRATION
internal respiration
26
___ IS THE TIDE-LIKE MOVEMENT OF AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS SO THAT THE GASES IN THE ALVEOLI ARE CONTINUOUSLY CHANGED AND REFRESHED
ventilation
27
___ IS THE GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE AIR-FILLED CHAMBERS OF THE LUNGS (OXYGEN LOADING/CARBON DIOXIDE UNLOADING)
External respiration
28
TRANSPORT OF ___ BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND TISSUE CELLS OF THE BODY, IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM USING BLOOD
Respiratory gases
29
___ IS THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN SYSTEMIC BLOOD AND TISSUE CELLS (OXYGEN UNLOADING AND CARBON DIOXIDE LOADING)
Internal respiration
30
NAME ONE UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM STRUCTURE
Nose
31
NAME ONE OF THE STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE NASAL CAVITY
inferior conchae
32
WHAT DIVIDES THE NASAL CAVITY INTO TWO PARTS?
nasal septum
33
SURROUNDING THE NASAL CAVITY ____ (named for the bones in which they are located) ACT AS RESONANCE CHAMBERS IN SPEECH, AND THEIR MUCOSAE WARMS AND MOISTENS INCOMING AIR
paranasal sinuses
34
What separates the nasal and oral cavities?
Hard palate/ soft palate
35
Give one characteristic of cleft palate
Difficulty breathing
36
The failure of the palatine processes of the maxillary bones and or the palatine bones to fuse medially is called ____
Cleft palate
37
What is the anatomical term/ name for the throat?
Pharynx
38
What is the dividing point between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx called?
Posterior nasal apeture
39
The ____ surround the openings of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) canal into the nasopharynx
Tubal tonsils
40
A middle ear inflammation is known as ___
Otitis media
41
The oropharynx is a common passage for what?
Air & food
42
The laryngopharynx is a common passage for what?
Air & food
43
What is the anatomical term for voicebox?
Larynx
44
Which cartilage that comprises the larynx is the largest and found anteriorly?
Thyroid cartilage
45
What structure is known as the adams apples?
Anterior medial laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
46
What structure is commonly referred to as the guardian of the airways?
Epiglottis
47
When is the cough reflex inoperative?
When an individual is unconscious
48
The ___ attach the vocal cords posteriolaterally to the arytenoid cartilages
Vocal ligaments
49
What is the anatomical term for windpipe?
Trachea
50
What is the point/ level/ area at which the trachea divides two main or primary bronchi?
Carina
51
The area at which the primary bronchi plunge into the lungs is called?
Hilum
52
Why are the tracheal cartilages C shaped?
Allows room for esophageal expansion
53
What surrounds the small brochioles of the lungs?
Smooth muscle
54
The ___ are the bronchioles which extend into alveolar ducts?
Respiratoy bronchioles
55
The continuous branching of the respiratory passageways is often referred to as the ___
Respiratory tree
56
Alveolar ducts terminate in ___
Alveolar sacs
57
The alveolar, capillary walls and their fused basal lamina form the ___
Respiratory membrane
58
The respiratory membrane is also known as the ___
Air-blood barrier
59
Because the conducting zone structures have no gas exchange function, they are also referred to as ___
Anatomical dead space
60
THEY AREA IN WHICH THE LUNGS ARE FOUND IN THE THORAX IS CALLED THE ________
Mediastinum
61
EACH LUNG IS CONNECTED TO THE MEDIASTINUM BY A _________ CONTAINING ITS VASCULAR AND BRONCHIAL ATTACHMENTS
Root
62
THE STRUCTURES OF THE ROOT ENTER OR LEAVE THE LUNG VIA A MEDIAL INDENTATION CALLED THE _________
Hilum
63
THE NARROW SUPERIOR ASPECT OF THE LUNG IS CALLED THE __________
Apex
64
THE INFERIOR CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE LUNGS THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE DIAPHRAGM IS CALLED THE
_________
base
65
IN CLOSE CONTACT WITH THE RIBS, ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED ___________
Costal surface
66
THE MEDIAL SURFACE CONCAVITY OF THE LUNGS THAT ACCOMMODATES THE HEART IS THE _____
Cardiac notch
67
INTO HOW MANY LOBES IS THE RIGHT LUNG DIVIDED?
3
68
INTO HOW MANY LOBES IS THE LEFT LUNG DIVIDED?
2
69
THE ___________ IS A DOUBLE LAYERED SAC OF SEROUS
| MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE LUNGS
pleura
70
THE OUTER LAYER OF PLEURA IS CALLED THE ___________ PLEURA
Parietal
71
THE CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES THE
| THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
Decrease
72
THE CONTRACTION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
Decrease
73
THE INNER LAYER OF PLEURA IS CALLED THE ___________ PLEURA
Visceral
74
WHAT IS FOUND IN THE PLEURAL CAVITY?
Serous fluid
75
NAME ONE OF THE TWO PHASES OF PULMONARY VENTILATION/ BREATHING
Inspiration/ expiration
76
THE RELAXATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
Increase
77
THE RELAXATION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES THE THORACIC CAVITY PRESSURE TO INCREASE OR DECREASE?
Increase
78
THE RELAXATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES EXPIRATION
| OR INSPIRATION?
Expiration
79
THE CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION?
Inspiration
80
THE RELAXATION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION?
Expiration
81
THE CONTRACTION OF THE EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS CAUSES EXPIRATION OR INSPIRATION?
Inspiration
82
_____________ SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED BY AIR RUSHING THROUGH THE LARGE RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS
(TRACHEA AND BRONCHI)
Bronchial
83
_______________ SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED BY AIR FILLING THE ALVEOLAR SACS AND RESEMBLES THE SOUND OF A RUSTLING OR MUFFLED BREEZES
Vesicular breathing
84
THE _____________ IS USED TO AUSCULTATE THE BREATHING SOUNDS
Stethoscope (ear pieces and diaphragm)
85
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO LISTEN TO BREATHING SOUNDS THAT GOES INTO THE LISTENER'S EARS
Ear pieces of the stethoscope
86
NAME THE SPECIFIC PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO LISTEN TO BREATHING SOUNDS THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PICKING UP THE SOUND (PART THAT IS PUT ON THE CHEST)
Diaphragm of the stethoscope
87
_______________ IS CHARACTERIZED BY A DECREASE OF ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS
Emphysema
88
GIVE A CHARACTERISTIC OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Expiration is physically exhausting
89
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RATE OF RESPIRATION? (RESPIRATIONS/ MINUTE)
12-18
90
EXTREME OVER-INFLATION OF THE LUNGS IS KNOWN AS _____________ REFLEX
Hering-Breuer
91
_____________ IS AN APPARATUS THAT RECORDS VARIATIONS IN BREATHING PATTERNS
Pneumograph
92
THE CARBONIC ACID-BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM MAINTAINS THE ___________OF THE BLOOD
Acid-base balance
93
GIVE THE EQUATION FOR UPLOADING OF CARBON DIOXIDE
| INTO AN RBC
H2O + CO2 =H2CO3
94
GIVE THE EQUATION OF THE CARBONIC ACID-BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM TO LOWER PH IN HIGH (ACIDIC) PH BLOOD
H+ + HCO3- = H2CO3
95
GIVE THE EQUATION OF THE CARBONIC ACID-BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM TO RAISE PH IN LOW (BASIC) PH BLOOD
H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+
96
EXCESSIVELY SLOW OR SHALLOW BREATHING IS CALLED
| ____________
Hypoventilation
97
DOES CARBONIC ACID IN THE BLOOD DECREASE OR INCREASE DURING HYPOVENTILATION?
Increases
98
DOES CARBONIC ACID IN THE BLOOD DECREASE OR INCREASE DURING HYPERVENTILATION?
Decreases
99
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUCOSA OF THE TRACHEA?
trap and contain dust, bacteria and debris
100
WHAT IS THE VITAL CAPACITY (VC) OF A PERSON WITH AN INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) OF 2000 ml, A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 500 ml AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) OF 800 ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
VC= TV+ ERV +IRV 500+800+2000= 3,300ml
101
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME RANGE IN MALES FOR EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME? (in mL)
1000-1200 mL
102
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME? (in mL)
600-800 mL
103
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR RESIDUAL VOLUME? (in mL)
1000-1200 mL
104
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN MALES FOR RESIDUAL VOLUME? (in mL)
1200-1300 mL
105
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME IN FEMALES FOR INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME? (IN mL)
1800-2000 mL
106
WHAT IS THE NORMAL VOLUME RANGE IN MALES FOR INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME? (in mL)
3000-3300 mL
107
WHEN BREATHING NORMALLY, WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE VOLUME FOR TIDAL VOLUME? (in mL)
500 mL
108
NAME TWO FACTORS THAT CAN BE USED FOR PREDICTING VITAL CAPACITY
Age & height
109
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LABELED WITH PINK TAPE? (BE SPECIFIC)
AIRFLOW TRANSDUCERS - measures respiratory volumes
110
NAME THE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LABELED "A" WITH BLUE TAPE
Bacteriological filter- Filters bacteria to keep airflow transducer clean
111
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO CALIBRATE VOLUMES DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE
Calibration syringe
112
NAME THE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LABELED "A" WITH BLUE TAPE
Calibration syringe- used to calibrate (airflow volumes) during BIOPAC
exercise
113
NAME THE PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED TO FILTER MICROORGANISMS DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE
Bacterial filter
114
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
| EC = ________ + ________
EC = TV + ERV / Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
115
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY
| ABBREVIATED "EC"?
EC- Expiratory Capacity
116
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY CAPACITY (EC) FOR A
PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF 800 ml AND AN
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1,100 ml (ANSWER IN ml)
EC= TV + ERV, 800 +1100= 1,900ml
117
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY CAPACITY (EC) FOR A
PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF 400 ml. AND AN
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 700 ml. (ANSWER IN ml.)
ERV= EC - TV, 1,300 -600= 700ml
118
CALCULATE THE EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME FOR A
PERSON WITH A FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY OF 2000
ml AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME OF 1,000ml (ANSWER IN ml)
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME = ERV= FRC - RV= 2000 -
| 1000= 1000ml
119
DEFINE: EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
IS THE VOLUME OF AIR
| MAXIMALLY EXHALED AT THE END OF TIDAL EXPIRATION
120
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
| FRC = ________ + ________
FRC = ERV + RV / expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
121
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY
| ABBREVIATED "FRC"?
FRC- Functional Residual Capacity
122
DURING EXERCISE, WHAT IS THE VOLUME RANGE FOR TIDAL VOLUME? (in mL)
From 500mL to over 3000mL
123
CALCULATE THE FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY FOR A
PERSON WITH AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1000
ml AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME OF 1 200ml (ANSWER IN ml )
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY = FRC=ERV+RV,
| 1000+1200= 2200ml.
124
CALCULATE THE FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)
FOR A PERSON WITH AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
(ERV) OF 900 ml AND A RESIDUAL VOLUME (RV) OF 1 100ml
FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY = FRC=ERV+RV=
| 900+1100= 2000ml.
125
______________ IS SLOW OR SHALLOW BREATHING
HYPOVENTILATION
126
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) OF A
PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 600ml. AND AN
INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF 1 400ml? (ANSWER IN ml )
IC - TV = IRV, IRV= 1400 - 600= 800 ml
127
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV) OF A
PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME (TV) OF 400ml. AND AN
INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF 1 800ml? (ANSWER IN ml )
IC - TV = IRV, IRV= 1800 - 400= 1,400 ml
128
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
| IC = ________ + ________
IC = TV + IRV / Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
129
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY
| ABBREVIATED "IC"?
IC- Inspiratory Capacity
130
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF A PERSON WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF 500ml. AND AN INSPIRATORY
RESERVE VOLUME OF 1,900ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
IC= TV + IRV, IC= 500 + 1,900= 2,400 ml
131
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) OF A PERSON
WITH A TIDAL VOLUME OF 600ml AND AN INSPIRATORY
RESERVE VOLUME OF 3,100ml? (ANSWER IN ml)
IC= TV + IRV, (IC)= 600 + 3,100= 3,700 ml
132
DEFINE: INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS
its the volume of air
| maximally inhaled at the end of a tidal inspiration
133
NAME THE PART OF THE INSTRUMENT USED DURING THE RESPIRATION BIOPAC EXERCISE THAT THE SUBJECT PUTS IN THEIR MOUTH TO BREATHE THROUGH?
Mouthpiece
134
NAME THE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT LABELED "A"
| WITH BLUE TAPE.
Mouthpiece (disposable) ;- Allows user to breathe into transducer / filter
without contaminating it
135
__________________ IS THE SUM OF TWO OR MORE PRIMARY
| LUNG VOLUMES
Pulmonary capacity
136
DEFINE: RESIDUAL VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
IS THE VOLUME OF GAS REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AT THE END OF A MAXIMAL EXPIRATION
137
_______________ IS A RECORD OF PULMONARY VOLUME CHANGES VS. TIME
Spirogram
138
DEFINE: TIDAL VOLUME (DESCRIBE IN WORDS. DO NOT USE NUMBERS OR EQUATIONS)
Is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
139
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
| TLC = ________ + ________ + ________ + _________
TLC = IRV + TV + ERV +RV
140
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY
| ABBREVIATED "TLC"?
TLC- Total Lung Capacity
141
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF A PERSON
WITH A VITAL CAPACITY OF 4500ml, A TIDAL VOLUME OF
500ml. AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 1000ml?
(ANSWER IN ml.)
VC- (TV+ER)= IR = 4500-(500+1000)=3000ml
142
WHAT IS THE INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF A PERSON WITH A VITAL CAPACITY OF 5000ml, A TIDAL VOLUME OF 500ml AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 900ml? (ANSWER IN ml.)
VC- (TV+ER)= IR = 5000- (500+900)= 3600ml
143
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:
| VC = ________ + ________ + __________
VC = IRV + TV + ERV / inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume +
expiratory reserve volume
144
WHAT IS THE VITAL CAPACITY OF A PERSON WITH AN
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME OF 3,300ml, A TIDAL
VOLUME OF 500ml AND AN EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
OF 1000ml? (ANSWER IN ml)?
VC = TV+ ERV +IR = 500 + 1000 + 3,300=4800ml.
145
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE PULMONARY CAPACITY
| ABBREVIATED "VC"?
VC- Vital Capacity
146
WHY DOES THE VITAL CAPACITY VARY WITH A PERSON'S HEIGHT?
VITAL CAPACITY IS DEPENDENT ON SIZE OF THORACIC CAVITY WHICH CORRELATES TO A PERSON'S HEIGHT
147
A CONDITION WHERE THE SKIN BECOMES YELLOW, SUCH AS WHEN BILE CIRCULATES THROUGH THE BODY IS CALLED ____
Jaundice
148
DEFINE: HEPATITIS
Inflammation of the liver
149
DEFINE: CIRRHOSIS
When the liver is damaged and becomes hard and fibrous
150
EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL DRINKING FOR MANY YEARS CAN CAUSE WHICH DISORDER OF THE LIVER?
Cirrhosis
151
_________________ IS A CONDITION THAT RUSHES UNDIGESTED FOOD RESIDUE THROUGH THE LARGE INTESTINE BEFORE IT HAS HAD SUFFICIENT TIME TO ABSORB WATER
Diarrhea / watery stools
152
________________ OCCURS WHEN FOOD RESIDUE REMAINS IN THE LARGE INTESTINE FOR EXTENDED PERIODS AND EXCESSIVE WATER IS ABSORBED AND THE STOOL BECOMES HARD AND DIFFICULT TO PASS
Constipation
153
DEFINE: APPENDICITIS
Inflammation of the appendix
154
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF APPENDICITIS?
Due to accumulation of bacteria
155
GIVE 2 FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ingestion / digestion / absorption / elimination
156
WHAT IS CHYME?
A creamy mass of an acidic mixture of food leaving the stomach
157
WHAT IS DEGLUTITION?
Swallowing
158
______________ ARE LOCAL CONSTRICTIONS OF AN ORGAN WALL IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, THAT SERVE MAINLY TO MIX FOODSTUFFS WITH DIGESTIVE JUICES AND INCREASE THE RATE OF ABSORPTION
Segmental movements
159
THE TAKING IN OF FOODSTUFFS INTO THE BODY IS CALLED _________
Ingestion
160
WHAT PROCESS DOES PHYSICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?
chewing
161
WHAT PROCESS DOES CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD CONSIST OF?
Enzymatic hydrolysis
162
____________ IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH FOOD UNDERGOES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN INTO SMALLER DIFFUSIBLE MOLECULES
Digestion
163
THE PASSING THROUGH THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE LINING OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT, AND DISTRIBUTION VIA THE BLOOD TO THE BODY'S CELLS OF THE END PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION, IS KNOWN AS __________
Absorption
164
WHAT ANATOMICAL TERM IS USED SYNONYMOUSLY WITH
| ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
165
NAME TWO ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS OR
| STRUCTURES
teeth, salivary glands
166
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN A CADAVER?
9 meters
167
NAME ONE OF THE THE ALIMENTARY CANAL TUNICS
Mucosa/ Submucosa
168
THE INNERMOST TUNIC/ LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED THE ___________
Mucosa
169
WHAT DOES THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CONSIST OF?
Consists of mesothelium and (a thin layer of) areolar connective tissue
170
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Reduces friction of the mobile digestive system organs as they work and slide across eachother
171
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Anchors and protects the surrounded organ
172
WHAT IS THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL COMPOSED OF?
Composed of (moderately dense) connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels
173
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE
| ALIMENTARY CANAL
Nutrition and protection
174
WHAT DOES THE ADVENTITIA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
| CONSIST OF?
Coarse fibrous connective tissue
175
WHAT IS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA COMPOSED OF?
Bilayer of smooth muscle
176
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Moves foodstuffs
177
THE OUTERMOST COVERING OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED _________
Serosa
178
OUTSIDE THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY, THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IS CALLED?
Adventitia
179
ANOTHER NAME FOR THE MUCOSA LAYER OF THE GI TRACT IS ___________
Mucous membrane
180
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUCOSA LAYER OF THE
| ALIMENTARY CANAL? (GIVE ONLY ONE)
secretion (mucus)
181
NAME ONE OF THE PARTS THAT CONSTITUTE THE MUCOSA LAYER OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL
Lamina Propria
182
___________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UPON WHICH THE EPITHELIAL LAYER OF MUCOSA RESTS
Lamina Propria
183
THE TINY LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE FOUND IN THE
| MUCOSA LAYER IS CALLED?
Muscularis Mucosae
184
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE SUBMUSCOSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CALLED?
Submucosa Plexus
185
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS INNERVATION PLEXUS THAT CONTROLS THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL CALLED?
Myenteric Plexus
186
WHAT IS THE SEROSA OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ALSO KNOWN AS?
Visceral Peritoneum
187
NAME ONE STRUCTURE FOUND INSIDE THE ORAL CAVITY
Cheeks, tongue, teeth,
188
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIPS/ LABIA?
Protect the opening of the oral cavity
189
WHAT FORMS THE LATERAL WALLS OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
Cheeks
190
WHAT FORMS THE ROOF OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
palate
191
NAME ONE STRUCTURE THE TONGUE IS ATTACHED TO ?
mandible
192
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SOFT PALATE?
Rises to close off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during swallowing
193
WHAT IS THE FINGER-LIKE PROJECTION OF THE SOFT PALATE
THAT EXTENDS INFERIORLY AT THE POSTERIOR MARGIN OF
THE ORAL CAVITY?
uvula
194
WHAT OCCUPIES THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
Tongue
195
NAME THE MUSCLE THAT SUPPORTS THE TONGUE
Mylohyoid Muscle
196
A MEMBRANE CALLED THE ____________ SECURES THE
INFERIOR MIDLINE OF THE TONGUE TO THE FLOOR OF THE
ORAL CAVITY
Lingual Frenulum
197
THE AREA THAT LIES WITHIN THE TEETH AND GUMS IS
| CALLED THE _________________
Oral Cavity Proper
198
ON EACH END OF THE MOUTH AT ITS POSTERIOR ARE FOUND MASSES OF LYMPHOID TISSUE CALLED THE ___
Palatine tonsils
199
THE PALATINE TONSILS ARE FOUND IN A CONCAVE AREA, BOUNDED ANTERIORLY AND POSTERIORLY BY WHAT MEMBRANES? (NAME ONLY ONE)
Palatoglossal Arch
200
A MASS OF LYMPHOID TISSUE, THE _________ COVERS THE BASE OF THE TONGUE, POSTERIOR TO THE ORAL CAVITY PROPER
Lingual tonsil
201
THE INFLAMING AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE PALATINE TONSILS IS CALLED_________
tonsilitis
202
GIVE ONE OF THE THREE REGIONS THE PHARYNX IS DIVIDED INTO
Oropharynx
203
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE GULLET?
Esophagus
204
HOW LONG IS THE ESOPHAGUS IN HUMANS?
25 cm
205
THE ______________ IS A SLIGHT THICKENING OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYER AT THE ESOPHAGUS-STOMACH JUNCTION THAT CONTROLS FOOD PASSAGE INTO THE STOMACH
Gastroesophageal sphincter
206
NAME ONE REGION OF THE STOMACH
```
Body/
Cardiac Region (Cardia)/ Fundus/ Pyloric Region
```
207
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?
Storage of food
208
NAME ONE PART OF THE PYLORIC REGION OF THE STOMACH
Pyloric Canal
209
WHAT STRUCTURE DIVIDES THE STOMACH FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE?
Pyloric sphincter
210
NAME THE CONCAVE LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURFACES OF THE STOMACH
Lesser curvature/ greater curvature
211
NAME ONE OF THE MESENTERIES THAT EXTEND FROM THE STOMACH
Lesser Omentum
212
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE OBLIQUE LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE STOMACH?
Churns, mixes, propels food
213
WHAT DO THE GASTRIC GLANDS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?
Pepsinogen
214
THE INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN IS CALLED _________________
Pepsinogen
215
THE PROTEIN DIGESTING ENZYME OF THE STOMACH IS
| CALLED ________________
Pepsin
216
WHAT DO THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PRODUCE?
Viscous mucous
217
WHAT DOES THE VISCOUS MUCUS PRODUCED BY THE MUCOSAL GLANDS OF THE STOMACH PREVENT?
Prevents the stomach itself from being digested by the proteolytic enzymes (break down the protein)
218
WHAT DO THE CHIEF (OR ZYMOGENIC) CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/SECRETE?
Pepsinogen
219
WHAT DO THE PARIETAL CELLS OF THE STOMACH MUCOSAL GLANDS PRODUCE/ SECRETE
HCL (hydrochloric acid)
220
GIVE ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Digestion of foodstuffs
221
HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN LIFE?
2 meters
222
HOW LONG IS THE SMALL INTESTINE IN A CADAVER?
6-7 meters
223
NAME ONE OF THE THREE PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Ileum
224
THE SMALL INTESTINE IS SUSPENDED FROM THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL BY THE FAN-SHAPED DOUBLE LAYER OF PERITONEUM (the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs) CALLED ___________
Mesentery
225
WHERE DOES MOST DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE TAKE PLACE (A REGION)?
Duodenum
226
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE DUODENUM?
10 INCHES
227
WHERE DOES MOST OF THE ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL
| INTESTINE TAKE PLACE (A REGION)?
Jejunum
228
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE JEJUNUM?
8 feet
229
WHERE DOES MOST OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FUNCTION
| TAKE PLACE IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?
Ileum
230
WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF THE ILEUM?
12 FEET
231
WHERE DOES THE SMALL INTESTINE MEET THE LARGE INTESTINE? (structure not region)
Ileocecal valve
232
_____________ ARE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES BOUND TO THE MICROVILLI OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Brush border enzymes
233
WHAT DOES THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT SEND TO THE DUODENUM?
Pancreatic enzymes
234
WHAT CANAL SENDS BILE INTO THE DUODENUM?
Bile duct
235
THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT AND THE BILE DUCT JOIN TO FORM THE BULB-LIKE ____________
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
236
THE MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLAE, AN ORFICE THAT SENDS PANCREATIC AND LIVER PRODUCTS INTO THE DUODENUM, IS CONTROLLED BY THE MUSCULAR VALVE CALLED THE _______________
Hepatopancreatic sphincter
237
_____________ ARE MINUTE PROJECTIONS OF THE SURFACE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL, LINING CELLS OF THE MUCOSA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Microvilli
238
______________ ARE FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS OF THE
MUCOSAL TUNIC THAT GIVE IT A VELVETY APPEARANCE
AND TEXTURE
villi
239
________________ ARE DEEP, PERMANT FOLDS OF THE MUCOSA AND SUBMUCOSA LAYERS THAT FORCE CHYME TO SPIRAL THROUGH THE INTESTINE, MIXING IT AND SLOWING IT'S PROGRESS
Circular folds
240
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VILLI, MICROVILLI AND CIRCULAR FOLDS?
All increase surface area for enzymatic action
241
AGGREGATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ILEUM ARE CALLED?AGGREGATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES OF THE SUBMUCOSA OF THE ILEUM ARE CALLED?
Peyer's Patches
242
NAME ONE OF THE DUODENAL LAYERS
Mucosa
243
FOUND IN THE SUBMUCOSA, THE DUODENAL GLANDS PRODUCE WHAT?
Mucus
244
THE _______________ ARE INVAGINATED AREAS OF THE MUCOSA BETWEEN THE VILLI CONTAINING CELLS THAT PRODUCE INTESTINAL JUICE
Intestinal Crypts
245
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INTESTINAL JUICE PRODUCED BY THE INTESTINAL CRYPTS?
serves as a carrier fluid for absorption of nutrients from the chyme
246
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Water and electrolyte absorption
247
NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS/ SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LARGE
| INTESTINE
colon
248
NAME ONE OF THE REGIONS/ SUBDIVISIONS OF THE LARGE
| INTESTINE
cecum
249
WHAT STRUCTURE HANGS FROM THE CECUM AND IS AN
| IDEAL LOCATION FOR BACTERIAL ACCUMULATION?
Veriform Appendix
250
NAME ONE OF THE PARTS OF THE COLON
ascending colon
251
THE ANAL CANAL TERMINATES IN THE OPENING CALLED THE _________
anus
252
NAME THE CONVOLUTION WHERE THE ASCENDING COLON/TRANSVERSE COLON MEET NEAR THE LIVER
Right Colic Flexure
253
NAME THE CONVULUTION WHERE THE ASCENDING COLON/TRANSVERSE COLON MEET NEAR THE SPLEEN
Left Colic Flexure
254
IN THE LARGE INTESTINE, THE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER OF THE MUSCULARIS EXTERNA IS REDUCED TO THREE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE BANDS CALLED THE ___________
Teniae Coli
255
SMALL POCKET-LIKE SACS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE WALLS ARE CALLED __________
Haustra
256
HANGING FROM THE COLON'S SURFACE ARE FAT FILLED POUCHES OF VISCERAL PERITONEUM CALLED ____
Epiploic appendages
257
THE INITIAL SET OF TEETH CALLED ____________ NORMALLY APPEAR BETWEEN AGES 6 MONTHS AND 2 1/2 YEARS
Deciduous teeth
258
AFTER 6 YEARS OLD THE ____________ BEGIN TO GROW AND REPLACE DECIDUOUS TEETH
Permanent teeth
259
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE INCISORS?
mastication (chewing)
260
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CANINES?
mastication
261
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PREMOLARS?
mastication
262
DENTITION IS DESCRIBED BY MEANS OF A ___________, WHICH DESIGNATES THE NUMBERS, TYPES AND POSITIONS OF THE TEETH ON ONE SIDE OF THE JAW
Dental formula
263
HOW MANY DECIDUOUS TEETH ARE FOUND IN HUMANS/ CHILDREN?
20
264
WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF PERMANENT TEETH THAT MAY BE FOUND IN HUMANS/ ADULTS?
32
265
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MOLARS?
mastication
266
THE FINAL SET OF TEETH THAT MAY OR MAY NOT ERUPT ARE CALLED __________
Wisdom Teeth
267
NAME ONE OF THE TWO MAJOR REGIONS OF THE TOOTH
crown
268
WHAT IS THE CROWN COVERED BY?
Enamel
269
THE PORTION OF THE TOOTH EMBEDDED IN THE ALVEOLAR PORTION OF THE JAW IS CALLED THE ___________
root
270
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE/ LAYER/ SUBSTANCE BETWEEN THE ANATOMICAL AND CLINICAL CROWN CALLED?
gums
271
THE PORTION OF THE CROWN VISIBLE ABOVE THE GINGIVA/ GUMS IS CALLED THE ___________
clinical crown
272
THE ENTIRE PORTION OF THE CROWN COVERED IN ENAMEL IS CALLED THE __________
anatomical crown
273
THE CREVICE BETWEEN THE END OF THE ANATOMICAL CROWN AND THE UPPER MARGIN OF THE GINGIVA IS
REFERRED TO AS THE ___________
Gingival sulcus
274
THE APICAL BORDER OF THE GINGIVAL SULCUS IS CALLED
| THE ___________
Gingival margin
275
THE SLIGHT CONSTRICTION WHERE THE ROOT AND THE CROWN ARE CONNECTED IS CALLED THE ____________
neck
276
THE OUTERMOST SURFACE OF THE ROOT IS COVERED BY
| _____________
Cementum
277
THE ______________ HOLDS THE TEETH IN THE ALVEOLAR SOCKET AND EXERTS A CUSHIONING EFFECT
Periodontal ligaments
278
___________ COMPRISES THE BULK OF THE TOOTH; IS A BONE-LIKE MATERIAL FOUND MEDIAL TO ENAMEL AND CEMENTUM
dentin
279
NAME THE CAVITY THAT OCCUPIES THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE TOOTH
pulp cavity
280
_______________ ARE SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT RESIDE IN THE OUTER MARGINS OF THE PULP CAVITY AND PRODUCE DENTIN
Odontoblasts
281
______________ IS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT IS LIBERALLY SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND LYMPHATICS, OCCUPIES THE TOOTH CAVITY AND PROVIDES SENSATION, AND SUPPLIES THE NUTRIENTS TO THE TOOTH TISSUES
pulp
282
THE PULP CAVITY EXTENDS TO THE DISTAL PORTIONS OF THE ROOT AND BECOMES THE ________
root canal
283
AN OPENING AT THE ROOT APEX, THE __________, PROVIDES A ROUTE OF ENTRY INTO THE TEETH FOR BLOOD VESSEL, NERVES, AND THE OTHER STRUCTURES FROM THE TISSUES BENEATH
apical foramen
284
NAME ONE OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
sublingual gland
285
WHAT DO THE SALIVARY GLANDS PRODUCE?
saliva aka nut
286
THE _____________ GLAND SALIVARY SECRETION IS MOSTLY SEROUS
Parotid
287
THE ______________ GLAND IS A MIXED GLAND THAT PRODUCES BOTH MUCIN AND SEROUS COMPONENTS OF
SALIVA
Submandibular
288
THE ____________ GLAND PRODUCES MOSTLY MUCIN
sublingual
289
SALIVA CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF ________ (A VISCOUS GLYCOPROTEIN), WHICH MOISTENS THE FOOD AND HELPS BIND IT TOGETHER
mucin
290
SALIVA TURNS FOOD, THAT IS MASTICATED AND MOISTENED IN THE MOUTH, INTO A MASS CALLED A _________
bolus
291
____________ BEGINS THE DIGESTION OF STARCH (A LARGE POLYSACCARIDE), BREAKING IT DOWN INTO DISACCARIDES AND GLUCOSE IN THE ORAL CAVITY
Salivary amylase
292
THE ____________ IS THE LARGEST GLAND IN THE BODY
liver
293
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE LIVER
produces bile
294
THE LIVER IS SUSPENDED FROM (connects to) THE DIAPHRAGM AND ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL BY THE ___________
Falciform ligament
295
BILE LEAVES THE LIVER THROUGH THE _______________ AND
| THEN ENTERS THE DUODENUM THROUGH THE BILE DUCT
common hepatic duct
296
BILE LEAVES THE LIVER THROUGH THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT AND THEN ENTERS THE DUODENUM THROUGH THE
___________
bile duct
297
WHAT GREEN SAC STORES BILE?
gallbladder
298
WHEN DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY IS NOT OCCURRING IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, BILE BACKS UP INTO THE ____________ AND THEN ENTERS THE GALLBLADDER
Cystic Duct
299
THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT OR BILE DUCT MAY BE BLOCKED BY ____________ PREVENTING BILE FROM ENTERING THE SMALL INTESTINE
gallstones
300
THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE LIVER ARE CALLED ___________
lobules
301
LOBULES ARE CLYNDRICAL STRUCTURES CONSISTING OF
| CORDLIKE ARRAYS OF _____________
Hepatocytes (liver cells)
302
WHAT DO HEPATOCYTES PRODUCE?
bile
303
NAME ONE OF THE THREE BASIC STRUCTURES THAT MAKE UP THE PORTAL TRIAD (PORTAL TRACT)
bile duct
304
_______ IS A BRANCH OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY, THE FUNCTIONAL BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LIVER
Portal Arteriole
305
__________ IS A BRANCH OF THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN THAT CARRIES NUTRIENT RICH BLOOD FROM THE DIGESTIVE VISCERA
Portal Venule
306
BETWEEN THE LIVER CELLS ARE BLOOD FILLED SPACES CALLED ____________ , THROUGH WHICH BLOOD FROM THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN AND HEPATIC ARTERY PERCOLATES
Sinusoids
307
WHAT ARE HEPATIC MACROPHAGES CALLED?
Kuffer cells
308
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE KUFFER CELLS OF THE
| LIVER?
Phagocytize bacteria and debris
309
THE SINUSOIDS OF THE LIVER EMPTY INTO A CENTRAL VEIN, AND THE BLOOD ULTIMATELY DRAINS FROM THE LIVER VIA THE _________
Hepatic veins
310
BILE PRODUCED BY HEPATOCYTES FLOWS THROUGH TINY CANALS, CALLED ___________, EVENTUALLY EXITING THE LIVER
Bile Canaliculi
311
WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS?
Produces pancreatin
312
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREATIC JUICE PRODUCED BY THE PANCREAS?
Neutralizes the acidic chyme (that exits the stomach)
313
HE __________ PHASE OF DEGLUTITION IS VOLUNTARY, CONTROLLED AND INITIATED BY THE TONGUE
buccal
314
THE ____________ PHASE OF DEGLUTITION IS INVOLUNTARY, VIA PERISTALTIC MOTION, SWALLOWED CONTENTS ARE DELIVERED DOWN THE PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS TO THE STOMACH
Pharyngeal-Esophageal
315
SLOW SEGMENTING MOVEMENTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE ARE CALLED ____________
Haustral contractions
316
THE GENERAL NAME FOR A PROTEIN BIOLOGICAL CATALYST IS KNOWN AS A(N) __________
Enzyme
317
THE GENERAL NAME FOR THE TARGET ON WHICH AN
ENZYME ACTS IS CALLED ITS
_________________
substrate
318
THE END PRODUCT OF PROTEIN DIGESTION IS ________
amino acid
319
GIVE ONE SUBSTRATE FOR A HYDROLYTIC ENZYME
fat
320
WHEN ADDING IKI TO STARCH, WHAT COLOR RESULTS?
BLACKKKKK
321
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES ADD __________ TO ORGANIC FOOD MOLECULES THAT CLEAVE MOLECULAR BONDS
water
322
A SIMPLE SUGAR PRODUCT OF STARCH DIGESTION IS _________ (NAME ONE)?
glucose
323
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE FOR SALIVARY AMYLASE?
Starch
324
THE IODINE (IKI) TEST IS USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF __________
starch
325
NAME A SUBSTRATE FOR PEPSIN
protein
326
_______________ SOLUTION TESTS THE PRESENCE OF
| GLUCOSE OR MALTOSE
Benedict's
327
WHAT IS THE OPTIMUM pH FOR LIPASE ACTIVITY?
pH 7.0
328
DEFINE: PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS
Movement of food through digestive canal
329
WHY IS PEPSIN NOT ACTIVE IN THE MOUTH?
Needs pH of 2.0 not 7.0 or mouth does not have the right pH
330
IN WHAT ORGAN IS LIPASE
| MOST ACTIVE?
Small intestine
331
DEFINE: HYDROLASES
Hydrolytic enzymes which break down compounds by adding water to chemical bonds
332
THE GENERAL NAME FOR THE ENZYMES WHICH BREAK DOWN ORGANIC FOOD MOLECULES ARE CALLED __________
hydrolases
333
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF SALIVA
Softens or moistens food
334
WHEN ADDING BENEDICTS' SOLUTION, AND BOILING, WHAT COLOR SHOWS THE PRESENCE OF SUGAR?
Green
335
WHAT IS ONE OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF SALIVA?
Mucin
336
WHEN ADDING IKI TO DETECT STARCH, WHAT COLOR SHOWS A LACK OF STARCH?
light brown
337
WHEN ADDING BENEDICTS' SOLUTION, AND BOILING, WHAT COLOR SHOWS AN ABSENCE OF SUGAR?
light blue
338
DEFINE: PANCREATIN
The enzymatic product of the pancreas
339
NAME ONE PRODUCT OF FAT DIGESTION
Glycerol and Fatty Acids (know both)
340
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF BOILING ON THE ACTIVITY OF
| HUMAN ENZYMES?
Denatured enzymes as evidenced by lack of hydrolysis in boiled samples
341
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF BACTERIA ON CELLULOSE DIGESTION?
Bacteria digests cellulose
342
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AMYLASE ON CELLULOSE DIGESTION?
No effect
343
WHY IS LIPASE NOT ACTIVE IN THE STOMACH?
Because of acidic pH conditions
344
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BILE?
Emulsifies (mixes) fats
345
WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF AMYLASE ON GLUCOSE
| DIGESTION?
no effect
346
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE FOR TRYPSIN
protein
347
BENEDICT'S SOLUTION CONFIRMS THE PRESENCE OR LACK OF _______
sugar
348
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ADDING IODINE (IKI) SOLUTION TO A MIXTURE OF AMYLASE AND WATER?
To demonstrate that there is no starch present in the reaction
349
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF STARCH AND DISACCHARIDES BY EITHER SALIVARY AMYLASE OR PANCREATIC AMYLASE? (NAME ONE)
Disaccharides
350
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF SALIVARY AMYLASE AND
| PANCREATIC AMYLASE?
Starch and Disaccharides
351
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SALIVARY AMYLASE TAKE PLACE?
mouth
352
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC AMYLASE TAKE PLACE?
Small Intestine
353
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE REACTION OF STARCH OR DISACCHARIDES INTO OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR DISACCHARIDES
Salivary Amylase
354
WHERE IS SALIVARY AMYLASE PRODUCED?
Salivary glands
355
WHERE IS PANCREATIC AMYLASE PRODUCED?
pancreas
356
WHAT ARE THE SUBTRATES FOR THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DEXTRINASE AND GLUCOAMYLASE?
Oligosaccharides and Disaccharides
357
```
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF OLIGOSACCHARIDE OR
DISACCHARIDE DIGESTION (NAME ONE)?
```
sucrose
358
GALACTOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT DISACCHARIDE?
lactose
359
GLUCOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT
| DISACCHARIDE (NAME ONE)?
sucrose
360
FRUCTOSE IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF WHAT
| DISACCHARIDE?
sucrose
361
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME LACTASE?
lactose
362
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME MALTASE?
maltose
363
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYME SUCRASE?
sucrose
364
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF MALTASE TAKE
| PLACE?
small intestine NIGGA!! (nigga said maltase)
365
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF GLUCOAMYLASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
366
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF LACTASE TAKE
| PLACE?
Small intestine
367
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF SUCRASE TAKE
| PLACE?
Small intestine
368
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DEXTRINASE
| TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
369
WHERE IS THE ENZYME LACTASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
370
WHERE IS THE ENZYME SUCRASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
371
WHERE IS THE ENZYME GLUCOAMYLASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
372
WHERE IS THE ENZYME MALTASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
373
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEXTRINASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
374
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PEPSIN PRODUCED?
stomach
375
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PEPSIN TAKE
| PLACE?
stomach
376
WHAT ENZYME CATALYZES THE DIGESTION/ REACTION OF PROTEINS TO LARGE POLYPEPTIDES?
pepsin
377
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF PROTEIN DIGESTION BY PEPSIN?
Large polypeptides
378
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE DIGESTION/ REACTION OF LARGE POLYPEPTIDES TO SMALL POLYPEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL PEPTIDES
Trypsin
379
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CHYMOTRYPSIN PRODUCED?
pancreas
380
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CARBOXYTRYPSIN PRODUCED?
pancreas
381
WHERE IS THE ENZYME TRYPSIN PRODUCED?
pancreas
382
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CHYOTRYPSIN
| TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
383
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CARBOXYTRYPSIN TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
384
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PEPSIN TAKE
| PLACE?
Small intestine
385
WHERE IS THE ENZYME AMINOPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
Small intestine
386
WHERE IS THE ENZYME CARBOXYPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
small intestine
387
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DIPEPTIDASE PRODUCED?
small intestine
388
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF AMINOPEPTIDASE TAKE PLACE?
small intestine
389
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF CARBOXYPEPTIDASE TAKE PLACE?
small intestine
390
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF DIPEPTIDASE
| TAKE PLACE?
small intestine
391
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF LARGE
| POLYPEPTIDES?
Small polypeptides and small peptides
392
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE DIGESTION/REACTION OF SMALL POLYPEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL PEPTIDES TO AMINO ACIDS AND/ OR DIPEPTIDES, TRIPEPTIDES
Dipeptidase
393
WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THE DIGESTION OF SMALL
| PEPTIDES AND/ OR SMALL POLYPEPTIDES?
Amino acids
394
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF BILE SALTS?
Unemulsified fats
395
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BILE SALTS?
Emulsifies fats
396
WHAT CATALYZES THE REACTION/ DIGESTION OF
EMULSIFIED FATS INTO MONOGLYCERIDES AND FATTY
ACIDS OR GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS?
Pancreatic lipase
397
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC LIPASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestines
398
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PANCREATIC LIPASE PRODUCED?
Pancreas
399
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYMES PANCREATIC
| RIBONUCLEASE AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE?
Nucleic acids
400
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PANCREATIC
| RIBONUCLEASE TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
401
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PRODUCED?
pancreas
402
WHERE IS THE ENZYME PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE
| PRODUCED?
Small intestine
403
WHERE IS THE ENZYME DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PRODUCED?
pancreas
404
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF NUCLEOSIDASES
| TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
405
WHERE ARE THE ENZYMES NUCLEOSIDASES PRODUCED?
Small intestine
406
WHERE DOES THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF PHOSPHATASES
| TAKE PLACE?
Small intestine
407
WHERE ARE THE ENZYMES PHOSPHATASES PRODUCED?
Small intestine
408
NAME ONE ENZYME THAT CATALYZES THE REACTION/DIGESTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS TO PENTOSE SUGARS, NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASES AND/ OR PHOSPAHTE IONS?
Phosphatases
409
NAME ONE PRODUCT OF NUCLEIC ACID DIGESTION
Phosphate Ions
410
WHAT IS THE SUBSTRATE OF THE ENZYMES NUCLEOSIDAES AND PHOSOPHATASES?
nucleic acid
