Lab Exercise 1 - Identification and Classification of Crops Flashcards by Alaine Carly

How are crops described and judged?

based on similarity of morphological charateristics, henced assessed features of the crop are associated with its common or scientific name

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what are used to formally identify crops?

scientific names

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True or False:

Common names are used to identify crops

False, because common names of plants differ from language to language

scientific names are used to formally identify crops

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scientific names are assigned by ICN

what does ICN stand for?

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants

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aside from ICN, ICNCP also assigns the rules for scientific names

What does ICNCP stand for?

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

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True or False:

Each crop has only one scientific name

True, there is only one accepted legitimate scientific name but nomenclature changes through time

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formal system used to identify crops at the species level

binomial nomenclature

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the binomial nomenclature has two parts; the first part is a generic name and the second part identifies the crop’s species

What does the first part identifies?

the crop’s genus

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the binomial nomenclature has two parts; the first part is a generic name and the second part identifies the crop’s species

What is the second part?

a specific epithet

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Scientific names are in what language?

latin

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True or False:

When writing a scientific name typewritten, it should be underlined per part

False, scientific names should be written:

if handwritten - underlined per part
if typewritten - italicized

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True or False:

When scientific names are typewritten, it should be italicized

True

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True or False:

Crop will only have one specific scientific name

False, although plants only have one legitimate accepted scientific name, nomenclature changes through time and names in the present can be turned to synonyms instead in the future

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crop classification systems important in crop production discussed

Botanical (General)
Based on use or purpose for which the crop is grown

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enumerate the different ways to classify crops based on the general classification

according to the mode of reproduction
according to life cycle
according to growth habitat

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What are the different classifications of crops according to the mode of reproduction?

sexual and asexual

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plants that develop after undergoing meiosis and fertilization in the flower to produce a viable embryo in the seed

Bonus: How was the plant classified?

sexual

bonus: according to the mode of reproduction

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plants that are produced by any vegetative means not involving meiosis and the union of gametes

bonus: Under what classification is this definition under?

asexual

bonus: general/botanical classification of crops

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How can you produce a plant asexually?

bonus: give specific examples

by any vegetative means

bonus: grafting, cuttings, tissue culture

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True or False:

Crops can only either have sexual or asexual modes of reproduction

False, some crops have both sexual and asexual modes of repoduction

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Does strawberries reproduce sexually or asexually?

Both, strawberries are able to reproduce through seeds and their vegetative parts

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classification of plants according to their life cycle

annuals, biennials, perennials

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plants that does not die after flowering and lives from year to year

perennials

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Modified True or False:

Biennials complete their cycle in one growing season

False, annuals complete their cycle in one growing season while biennials requires two years or at least part of two growing seasons with a dormant period between growth stages to complete their life cycle

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classification of cabbage according to their life cycle

biennial

**True or False:** the biological life cycle and life cycle in cultivation of carrots and cabbages is two growing seasons

False, carrots and cabbages are biennials according to their biological life cycle but both crops are harvested before flowering for higher economic yield

a carrot's and cabbage's biological life cycle and _______ are different

life cycle in cultivation both crops are harvested before they flower

Why are carrots and cabbages harvested before they finish their biological life cycle? bonus: When are they harvested?

for higher economic yield bonus: before flowering; after one growing season

the life cycle of carrots and cabbages in cultivation

annual

Which of the following are succulent plants? shrubs, herbs, trees, vines, liana

herbs and vines

**True or False:** vines are succulent plants without self-supporting stems

true

**True or False:** herbs are succulent plants with self-supporting stems

true

**Modified True or False:** Shrubs are succulent plants without self-supporting stems

False *Possible answers:* vines are succulent plants without self-supporting stems shrubs may have several main branches with no trunk and rarely grows higher than 5 meters

**Modified True or False:** Shrubs rarely grows higher than 5 meters

True

plants with a single central stem to which branches are attached and are usually taller than a shrub

tree

**True or False::** Shrubs have a trunk

False

What is a liana?

long-stemmed woody vines that are rooted in soil and use trees and other structures for vertical support

Crops are often characterized at what time of their developmental stage? Bonus: Why?

reproductive maturity Bonus: most crops are often herbaceous at germination and vegetative stages but are ultimately woody at maturity

grasses grown for their grains

cereals/grain crops

crops grown for pods and seeds

legumes

crops grown for enlarged or tuberous roots

root crops

crops grown for their fibers used in textile, cordage, twines, sacks, bags, etc.

fiber crops

What are oil crops? bonus: give an example

crops grown for their oil content bonus: soybean, peanut, sunflower, castor, coconut, lumbang (candlenut), safflower

examples of sugar crops

sugarcane, sugarbeet

crops grown to be used as roughage source for animals

pasture or forage crops

para grass, napier grass, and guinea grass are examples of ________ bonus: What classification is used?

grasses bonus: based on use or purpose for which the crop is grown

coffee, tea, and cacao are examples of ________ bonus: give the definition of your answer

beverage crops crops grown to be used for brewing non-alcoholic drinks

crops used to provide special flavor, scent, and color to food and other products bonus: give an example

spices, condiments, and essences bonus: black pepper, vanilla, citronella, ilang-ilang, annatto

definition of latex and resins bonus: give an example

used for extracting sap from the trunk or stem bonus: rubber, chico, pili, rimas, papaya

crops with curative, laxative, and pesticidal properties

medicinal and poison crops

usually eaten with staple crops bonus: Can it be further classified? If yes, how?

vegetables bonus: according to similarities in the method of culture

How can vegetables be further classified? Enumerate the different classifications

according to similarities in the method of culture root, leafy, stem, flower, fruit

what are fruits? bonus: Under what classification are fruits?

edible botanical fruits *usually used for dessert* which may be eaten raw, cooked, or in processed form bonus: based on use or purpose for which crop is grown

enumerate the different classifications of fruits

small fruit, nut fruit, tree fruit

plants cultivated mainly for their aesthetic value bonus: Can it be classified further? How?

ornamentals bonus: according to their special uses

plants grown for its flowers bonus: give an example

cut flowers or florist crops bonus: gladiolus, roses, daisies, chrysanthemum, anthriums, orchids

give an example of florist greens bonus: what is another name for florist greens?

ferns, asparagus, fortune plant, palmera (butterfly palm) bonus: cut-foliage

definition of cut-foliage bonus: Under what type is cut-foliage based on use or purpose for which the crop is grown?

foliage which provides the background in floral arrangement bonus: ornamentals

difference between cut flowers and flowering pot plants

both are grown for their flowers but flowering pot plants are grown in containers and their flowers are usually used for display purposes

give an example of flowering pot plants

kalanchoe, African violets, poinsettia

plants used for landscaping purposes such as ground cover, barrier, specimen, edging, accents, filler, etc. bonus: give an example

landscape plants bonus: blue palm, white grass, Bangkok kalachuchi, song of India

**Modified True or False:** Landscape plants are used in lawns or greens

False Possible Answers: Turfs are used in lawns or greens Landscape plants are used for landscaping purposes

plants grown for attractive folliage for decoration bonus: where are they grown: indoors or outdoors?

foliage plants bonus: both

examples of turf bonus: Turf is a type of ornamental, according to what is turf *further* classified?

bermudagrass, carabao grass, bluegrass bonus: according to special uses

plants used in lawns or greens

turf

For agricultural censuses, FAO developed the ICC What does FAO stand for?

Food Agricultural Organization

For agricultural censuses, FAO developed the ICC What does ICC stand for? bonus: Why is it recommeded to use ICC for agricultural censuses?

Indicative Crop Classification bonus: because in this mode of classification, a particular crop is classified only once regardless of its use and purpose, hence using ICC would help ease global crop inventory and production data processing

a crop that is plowed under while still green and growing to improve the soil

green manure

any crop grown to provie soil cover, prevent soil erosion by wind or water, improve soil, and control weeds

cover crop

a crop sown with another crop and harvested seperately

companion crop

**Modified True or False:** When a companion crop is sown with another crop, the combination benefits either or both of the crops

True

give an example of a companion crop and how it is used

small-grain cereal crops sown with forage crops (grasses or legumes) living ipil-ipil used as live trellis for black pepper

definition of trap crop

crop planted to protect the main crop from pests by attracting the pest to the crop itself and later destroying it

definition of catch crop

a short-seasoned crop grown immediately after the failure of the main crop to utilize residual resources

Given ____ as the main crop, a sweet potato is an example of _______ with its job is to trap ______

rice trap crop rats

given rice as the main crop, after a typhoon, mustard and pechay is planted immediately what are pechay and mustard in this scenaraio?

catch crops

differenc between soilage and silage

both are grasses grown and cut but soilage is directly fed to animals while silage are fermented and preserved first after being cut before being fed to animals

significance of identification of crops

essential in agriculture, particularly in propagation, collection, weed, and toxic plant discrimination

Differentiate each systems of classification of crops

- Artificial system: basis of grouping is the structure or feature - Natural system: based on the most prominent and the most peculiar morphological structure of the plant - Phylogenetic system: according to their evolutionary status

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of malunggay

Moringa oleifera, tree/shrub, perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of avocado

Persea americana, tree, perennial, sexual/asxual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of sweet potato

Ipomoea batatas, herb, annual/perennial, asexual/sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of rambutan

Nephelium lappaceum, tree, annual/perennial, asexual/sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of corn

Zea mays, herb, annual, sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of cassava

Manihot esculenta, shrub, annual/perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of gabi

Colocasia esculenta, herb, perennial, asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of rice plant

Oryza sativa, herb, annual, sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of coconut

Cocos nucifera, tree (palm), perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of pomelo

Citrus maxima, tree, perennial, sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of bignay

Antidesma bunius, tree, perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of potato

Solanum tuberosum, herb, perennial/annual, asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of mung bean

Vigna radiata, herb, annual, sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of kapeng barako

Coffea liberica, small tree/large shrub, perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of papaya

Carica papaya, herb, perennial, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of onion

Allium cepa, herb, annual, sexual/asexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of lanzones

Lansium domesticum, tree, perennial, sexual

Give the scientific name, growth habit, life cycle, and mode of reproduction of pili

Canarium ovatum, tree, perennial, sexual

Moringa oleifera

malunggay

Persea americana

Avocado

Ipomoea batatas

sweet potato

Nephelium lappaceum

Rambutan

Zea mays

Corn

Manihot esculenta

Cassava

Colocasia esculenta

Gabi

Oryza sativa

Rice Plant

Cocos nucifera

Coconut

Citrus maxima

Pomelo

Antidesma bunius

Bignay

Solanum tuberosum

potato

Vigna radiata

mung bean

Coffea liberica

kapeng barako

Carica papaya

Papaya

Allium cepa

onion

Lansium domesticum

lanzones

Canarium ovatum

pili

scientific name of tomato

Solanum lycopersicum

synonym of Solanum lycopersicum

Lycopersicon esculentum

Lab Exercise 1 - Identification and Classification of Crops Flashcards

(117 cards)