lab final 1615

Question 1

observations

Answer 1

quantitative and qualitative measurements of the natural world. (science can not address the supernatural) raise a particular question

Question 2

hypotheses

Answer 2

an explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 3

experiments

Answer 3

a test that is used to rule out a hypothesis or validate something already known.

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

a well substantiated explanation of some aspect that can incorporate facts, laws, and tested hypothesis.

Question 5

metric system

Answer 5

a standard set of units that be understood by all scientists doing research.

Question 6

beakers

Answer 6

wide opening, optimal for mixing solutions. as little as 10ml to 2 L of volume.

Question 7

erlenmeyer flask

Answer 7

the narrow opening and neck make it useful for storing fluids. They come in a variety of sizes

Question 8

graduated cylinder

Answer 8

these tall narrow containers with volume scales on outside are used to precisely measure volumes.

Question 9

micropipettors

Answer 9

most effective in measuring volumes of 1000ul of less. very small

Question 10

percent solution

Answer 10

percent concentration % = amount of solute/amount of solution * 100

Question 11

macromolecules

Answer 11

carbohydrates- used as an energy source
monomer:monosaccharides "simple sugars" 
Lipids- insolubile in water "fats"
monomer-
Proteins-used for storage, transport, cell signaling, etc 
monomer:amino acids

Question 12

biological tests

Answer 12

grease test-a grease test can be used to detect the presence of lipids, the lipids will make a translucent spot on the paper.
barfoeds test(simple sugar test)- chemical test that is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars.
iodine test(starch test)-iodine reacts in the presence of starch causing a blue/blackish color.
bradfords test- uses a light red colored dye, when protein is present the dye will turn blue.

Question 13

prokaryotic cell

Answer 13

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

found in single celled organisms like bacteria

Question 14

eukaryotes cell

Answer 14

contain a nucleus
found in mulitcelluar organisms
range from fungi to people

Question 15

stereoscope

Answer 15

used for dissecting organisms and observe in more detail

Question 16

enzymes

Answer 16

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

specific form of diffusion involving the movement of water.

Question 18

diffusion

Answer 18

a physical process in which the kinetic energy of molecules and ions moves them from region of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 19

hypotonic

Answer 19

if a red blood cell is placed in this solution then water will enter the cel more rapidly than it leaves. This will cause the cell to swell and possibly burst.

Question 20

hypertonic

Answer 20

if a red blood cell is placed in this solution then water will exit the cell faster than it will enter causing the cell to shrink and have a bumpy appearance.

Question 21

isotonic

Answer 21

if a red blood cell is placed in this solution then the cell will retain its normal shape.

Question 22

anaerobic and aerobic

Answer 22

are cellular processes that transfer the energy stored in glucose to ATP.
aerobic-requires the presence of oxygen for it to occur.
anaerobic- occurs without the presence of oxygen

Question 23

photosynthesis

Answer 23

6co2+6h2o+light energy–> c6h12o6+6o2

Question 24

ATP

Answer 24

adenosine tri-phosphate

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

the process of generating new daughter cells with the same genetic information as the parent cell. diploid

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

process of generating germ cells such as the egg and the sperm. haploid

Question 27

stages of meiosis

Answer 27

``` prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 telophase 1 and cytokinesis prophase 11 metaphase 11 anaphase 11 telophase 11 ```

Question 28

genotype

Answer 28

the genetic makeup of a cell cc Cc CC

Question 29

phenotype

Answer 29

the outward manifestation of a genotype (yellow,green, blue)

Question 30

homozygous

Answer 30

a cell that possesses two copies of the same allele

Question 31

heterozygous

Answer 31

a cell that posses two different alleles

Question 32

alleles

Answer 32

each different form of a gene

Question 33

restriction enzymes

Answer 33

enzymes produced by bacteria to cleave foreign DNA

Question 34

plasmids

Answer 34

small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria, some contain an antibiotic resistance gene that allows bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic.

Question 35

DNA profiling

Answer 35

process of using DNA to answer questions related to paternity, identification of missing persons, crime.

Question 36

STR

Answer 36

short tandem repeats, consists of patterns involving short repeat nucleotides

Question 37

evolution

Answer 37

the change in the genetic makeup of a population over time.

Question 38

species

Answer 38

a group of similar organisms that can successfully mate and produce viable fertile offspring.

Question 39

mutations

Answer 39

random changes in the DNA

Question 40

natural selection

Answer 40

individuals with the traits best suited for a particular environment to survive and reproduce

Question 41

genetic drift

Answer 41

changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.